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The movement appeared on the literary arena of England from the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 to the death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832, and it can be seen as a revolt against the Neoclassicism The essence of this movement is the glorification of instinct and emotion, a deep respect of nature and a flaming zeal to remake the world. Historical background Three revolutions 1.National Liberation Movements—American Revolution(1776) 2.Democratic Movement—French Revolution (1789) “liberty, equality and fraternity” 3. the Industrial Revolution in England– machine-breaking momement,economic exploitation and political struggle between the industrial capitalists and the proletariat The intellectual background Shift from emphasis on reason to instinct and emotion A violent reaction to the Enlightenment Rousseau 卢梭(1712-1778) the father of romanticism and a French philosopher. He rejected the worship of reason and preached to “return to nature”. The term “romanticism” was not known to the poets in their time. It was a term applied to them half a century later by literary historians. The English Romantic Period is an age of poetry.Major romantic poets include Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats. Romanticism prevailed in England from 1798 to 1837. Characteristics of Romanticism Imagination Worship of nature Symbolism and myth Simplicity and humanity Spontaneity Subjectivity Two groups of romantic writers Passive or escapist romanticists– Wordsworth,Coleridge, and Southey, they reflected the thinking of classes ruined by the bourgeoisie and turned to the feudal past as their ideal or to the nature. Active romanticists—Byron, Shelley and Keats,they held out an ideal though vague vision of a future society free from oppression and exploitation. Generally speaking, the romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with, and opposed to the development of the capitalism