ch13 Economic Policymaking 国际货币与 及金融经济学英文版课件.pptVIP

Daniels and VanHoose Price Level and Real Output * * Economic Policymaking The Price Level and Real Output Figure 13-1 Deriving the Keynesian Aggregate Demand Schedule Figure 13-2 The Effect of an Increase in the Money Stock on Aggregate Demand in a Closed Economy Figure 13-5 The Effect of an Increase in Government Spending on Aggregate Demand in a Closed Economy Figure 13-8 The Aggregate Production Function and the Marginal-Product-of-Labor (MPn) Schedule Figure 13-10 (cont.) Flexible Wages with Price Level Changes Figure 13-12 Labor-Market Flexibility and Unemployment Rates in Selected Nations Figure 13-13 Determination of the Equilibrium Price Level and Equilibrium Real Output Figure 13-14 The Effects of a Policy-Induced Increase in Aggregate Demand Figure 13-16Annual Inflation Rates in the United States Figure 13-17The Inflation Bias of Discretionary Policymaking Figure 13-18 Central Bank Independence, Average Inflation, and Inflation Variability Figure 13-19 Relationships between Central Bank Independence and the Inflation-Output Trade-off and Inflation Rates * * *