Chapter 4 Network Layer 高级计算机网络 （英文版）知识介绍.ppt

* * * * * * * * 常见的几种计算机网络类型 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Redirect R1 Redirect Type = 5 Code = 0 redirect to destination host Code = 1 redirect to destination network Router IP Address (4 bytes) Network Layer 4-* Traceroute and ICMP Source sends series of UDP segments to dest First has TTL =1 Second has TTL=2, etc. Unlikely port number When nth datagram arrives to nth router: Router discards datagram And sends to source an ICMP message (type 11, code 0) Message includes name of router IP address When ICMP message arrives, source calculates RTT Traceroute does this 3 times Implementation :ARP The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a computer networking protocol for determining a network hosts link layer or hardware address when only its Internet Layer (IP) or Network Layer address is known. This function is critical in local area networking as well as for routing internetworking traffic across gateways (routers) based on IP addresses when the next-hop router must be determined. ARP Cache C:\Documents and Settings\ibmarp -a Interface: 210.30.97.53 --- 0x10003 Internet Address Physical Address Type 210.30.97.1 00-01-f4-72-e1-67 dynamic 210.30.97.26 00-11-09-3d-78-01 dynamic 210.30.97.36 00-11-09-3d-79-05 dynamic Proxy ARP The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) is a computer networking protocol used by a host computer to request its Internet Protocol (IPv4) address from an administrative host, when it has available its Link Layer or hardware address, such as a MAC address. HA1 HA5 HA4 HA3 HA6 H1 H2 R1 R2 HA2 IP1 IP2 IP1 HA1 HA5 HA4 HA3 HA6 HA2 IP6 H1 H2 R1 MAC frame IP2 IP4 IP3 IP5 R2 IP1 → IP2 IP1 → IP2 IP1 → IP2 HA1 to HA3 HA4 to HA5 HA6 to HA2 MAC frame MAC frame ARP process Proposing: A communicates with B, but mac address of B is unknown. （1）A sends ARP request including IP address of B. （2）all hosts can receive the ARP request . （3）B sends ARP reply to A. （4）When A receives this