chapter5 diesel engine combustion 发动机原理英文PPT教程文件.pptVIP

Combustion in compression ignition engines Near the end of the compression stroke, liquid fuel is injected as one or more jets. The injector receives fuel at very high pressures in order to produce rapid injection, with high velocity jet(s) of small cross-sectional area; in all but the largest engines there is a single injector. ;The fuel jets entrain air and break up into droplets; this provides rapid mixing which is essential if the combustion is to occur sufficiently fast. Sometimes the fuel jet is designed to impinge on to the combustion chamber wall; this can help to vaporise the fuel and break up the jet. There will be large variations in fuel/air mixtures on both a large and small scale within the combustion chamber.;Figure 3.1 1 shows the pressure diagram for a compression ignition engine (i) Ignition delay, AB. After injection there is initially no apparent deviation from the unfired cycle. During this period the fuel is breaking up into droplets being vaporised, and mixing with air. Chemical reactions will be starting, albeit slowly.;(ii) Rapid or uncontrolled combustion, BC. A very rapid rise in pressure caused by ignition of the fuel/air mixture prepared during the ignition delay period. (iii) Controlled combustion, CD. Combustion occurs at a rate determined by the preparation of fresh air/fuel mixture. (iv) Final combustion, D. As with controlled combustion the rate of combustion is governed by diffusion(扩散) until all the fuel or air is utilised.; (b) shallow bowl combustionchamber ;(c) shallow toroidal(环形） bowl combustion chamber (d/h ≈ 4) ;(d) deep toroidal bowl combustion chamber (d/h ≈ 2) ;The methods by which the swirl is measured，how the swirl ratio is defined，and how the averaging is undertaken all vary widely． Heywood(1988)summarises some of the approaches，but a more comprehensive discussion is provided by Stone and Ladommatos(1992b)．For steady—flow tests，the angular velocity of the swirl will vary across the bore，but an avera