汉语中动结构及其与相似结构的比较分析-comparative analysis of chinese middle - verb structure and its similar structure.docx

摘要中动结构是一种独立于主动句和被动句之外的特殊句法形式。本文根据语义语法的理论，结合传统语法、认知功能语法和生成语法理论，在梳理国内外关于中动结构的发展历史和研究历史的基础上，重新甄别中动结构，特别是汉语典型中动结构的句法特征和语义特征，前者如：句子形式主动性、谓语二价及物性、修饰状语受限性、多种时间与单一体态；后者如：主语受事凭借义、谓语动词强动作性、关涉对象隐含性、修饰成分显能性，并据此提出汉语典型中动结构的界定：通过隐含关涉对象并使用受事或凭借义主语的形式主动句来凸显事物性能的句法形式。根据语义的调查，汉语典型中动结构主要分成五种语义类型：难易型、满意型、有效型、准允型、经耐型；并通过汉语典型中动结构与“V起来”句、作格结构的异同比较，进一步说明汉语中动结构的句法语义特征，阐明中动结构因其对事物性能的凸显评价而成为广告宣传用语的典型句法结构。关键词：中动结构；形式主动；受事主语；性能IIAbstractTheMiddleConstructionisaspecialstructurewhichisindependentoftheActiveandthePassive.Accordingtothesemanticgrammartheory,combiningtraditionalgrammar,functionalgrammar,cognitivegrammarandtransformationalgrammartheory,basedonthepreviousopinionsabouttheMiddleConstruction’shistory,thisthesisfocusesonthedefinitionoftheMiddleConstruction,especiallythesyntacticfeaturesandsemanticfeaturesofthetypicalChineseMiddleConstruction.Fromthesyntacticperspective,intypicalChineseMiddleConstruction,usuallyactivevoiceisused;thebivalentverbsaretransitive;thechoiceofadverbialmodifiersislimited;theuseofadverbialstimeisflexiblewhiletheemploymentoftenseisinflexible.Asforthesemanticfeatures,theobjectofanactionorthetoolusuallyservesasthesubjectinasentence;thepredicateverbisnotionalverb;theobjectisimpliedandthemodifierishighlighted.Basedondiscussionsoftheseaspects,thetypicalChineseMiddleConstructionisdefined：Itisastructurewhichhighlightsthefunctionofthingsbyimplyingtherelatedobjectsandusingthepatientormethodmeaning.Andthenaccordingtheresearch,thisthesispicksupfivesemantictypes：Nan-yitype,satisfactiontype,effectivenesstype,allowancetypeandendurancetype.ThenthethesisgoesdeepertocomparethetypicalChineseMiddleConstructionwith“V-qilai”sentenceandtheErgative,basedonwhichthesyntacticandsemanticfeaturesofChineseMiddleConstructionarefurtherelaborated.Atlase,thethesisdrawsaconclusion：becauseofitsconcisenessandhighlightingfeature,theMiddleConstructionislargelyfoundinslogans.Keywords：MiddleConstruction,activeforms,patientsubject,performanceIII目录摘要...........................................................