家族建构与地方社会的互动—明清同州马氏家族的个案研究-interaction between family construction and local society - a case study of mahalanobis family in tongzhou, ming and qing dynasties.docx

摘要 摘 要 I I 明清时期的同州马氏，与明清其他的家族一样，从明初便不断的在进行家 族组织结构的构建，因农致富，科举成功，成为当地的大族。从马自强、马朴 到马先登，成为马氏的政治文化代表，从马自修、马慎到马兆玉马兆祥，成为 马氏高利贷贩运业的代表。政治文化与经济相辅相成，共同进步。与大族的联 姻也是其得以发展的一个很重要的因素。明清鼎革时期，马氏家族在政治、经 济、文化等方面经历了相对的低潮期，但却因其家族在地方上的优越性，迅速 复兴。继续保持其在政治经济文化方面的卓越地位。按西方的民族理论与现阶 段的研究成果我们得出马氏属于回族，但对具体的生活习惯、宗教信仰、禁忌、 文字文化的考察，我们认定它完全融入汉族之中，马氏是一个因政治、经济利 益而逐渐丧失民族意识和民族情感的家族，是一个需要重新认定的家族。 关键词： 同州马氏；明清时期； 家族文化；民族认同； 地方社会 Abstract Abstract II II In Ming and Qing Dynasty, just like others in Tongzhou, the Ma clan constructed the clan structure, developed agriculture, and did well in the imperial examination in the early period of Ming dynasty. Therefore, it became a famous local clan. Ma Ziqiang, Ma Pu, Ma Xiandeng became the clans representitive of politic and culture, and Ma Zixiu, Ma Shen, Ma Zhaoyu and Ma Zhaoxiang did really well in usury and transporting business. The cause of their politics, culture and economy developed well. According to the marriage with some distinguished families, the Ma clan developed itself a lot. In the transitional period of Ming and Qing dynasty, the Ma clan somehow experienced a declining time. But it soon resurged because of the geographical superiority, and kept a leading position in politic, economy and culture. From the western National Theory and present research achievements we believe that the Ma clan are Hui people. However, through the investigation of its living habits, religious faith, taboos, characters and culture, the Ma clan totally merged into the Han nationality. The Ma clan gave up its national consciousness and emotions for political and economic interest, it needs to be reinterpreted. Keywords： ma clan；The Ming and Qing Dynast；Family culture；National identity ； Local social PAGE PAGE IV 目 录 HYPERLINK \l _bookmark0 摘 要 I HYPERLINK \l _bookmark1 Abstract II HYPERLINK \l _bookmark2 目 录 III HYPERLINK \l _bookmark3 序 言 1 HYPERLINK \l _bookmark4 （一）研究的缘起、目的和意义 1 HYPERLINK \l _bookmark5 （二）相关概念的界定 3 HYPERLINK \l _bookmark6 一 士绅家族的诞生 5 HYPERLINK