Scientific English 科技论文写作教材.pptVIP

Scientific English;Scientific English: A Guide for Scientists and Other Professionals (Third Edition, 2011) Robert A. Day Nancy Sakaduski;Scientific English;Basic rules of scientific English;Grammar of meaning;Agreement of subjects and verbs;singular plural;Syntax: word order;Parallelism: adjectives should be parallel with other adjectives, verbs with verbs, phrases with phrases, and clauses with clauses.;Do not use double negatives? Whenever possible, use a positive construction rather than a negative one.;There is nothing wrong with a sentence beginning with There. However, this form of indirect expression is wordy and should rarely be used. ;Use the short word, the known word (the common word), and the word with certain meaning. Usually, the most common word is the shortest. Avoid using oversight, overlook, invaluable, inflammable ….;Define technical terms that are not likely to be known by your readers but avoid using another technical term or any variation of the word being defined.;Phrases;Phrases;Prepositional phrases 介词短语;Infinitive phrases 不定式短语;Participial phrases 分词短语;Gerund phrases 动名词短语;Clauses;Clauses;Clauses;Sentences;Declarative sentences;Simple declarative sentences should form the basis of good scientific writing. Other sentence structures are needed from time to time.;Compound sentences contain two (or more) independent clauses. The two independent clauses joined in one of three ways: (1) with a comma and a coordinating conjunction (and, or, but, for, nor, so, yet), (2) with a semicolon, (3) with a semicolon and a coordinating adverb such as however, nevertheless, therefore, thus, moreover, similarly, otherwise, or consequently.;Complex sentences contain one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Complex sentences are simple sentences qualified by if, whether, when, after, before, whereas, although, or some other limiting words.;Compound-complex sentences contain at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.;