Shafts 机械设计 英文PPT教案_重大知识讲稿.ppt

Shafts Classification of Shafts: Const dia shaft Stepped shaft Crank shaft 根据承载情况轴可分为三类： 轴 转轴 心轴 传动轴 转动心轴 固定心轴 Other Classification of shafts: Shafts Shafts Functions of shafts Supporting power transmission elements Transmit power Structure design of shafts 径向 轴向 周向 Mounting Parts ---- Keys Gib-head key Woodruff Key Square Flat Key Round Shafts Mounting Parts ---- Keys Shafts Mounting Parts ---- Pins Mounting Parts ---- Clamp Collar, Setscrew, Snap Rings, Nut, Tapered Pin, Interference Fit Shafts Materials for Shafts Carbon Steel Alloy Steel High Strength Nodular Cast Iron Bronze and Stainless Steel Heat treatment of shafts Bulk (quenching/high temperature tempering ) Surface (case hardening) Forged, Cold Drawn, Hot Rolled Shafts Shafts Preliminary selection of shaft diameter 类比法 2. 经验公式法 3. 扭转强度法 Diagraphs of Load, Moment, Torque Shafts Stress Analysis Shafts 按静载荷去设计，在使用过程中往往就会发生突如其来的破坏 疲劳破坏与传统静力破坏的本质区别 * 静力破坏是一次最大载荷作用下的破坏；疲劳破坏是多次反复载荷作用下产生的破坏，它不是短期内发生的。 ?? ?? * 当静应力小于屈服极限或强度极限时，不会发生静力破坏；而交变应力在远小于静强度极限，甚至小于屈服极限的情况下，疲劳破坏就可能发生。 ?? ?? * 静力破坏通常有明显的塑性变形产生；疲劳破坏通常没有外在宏观的显著塑性变形迹象，即便是塑性良好的金属，其疲劳破坏形式也象脆性破坏一样，事先不易觉察出来，这表明疲劳破坏具有更大的危险性。 Fatigue of Shafts Shafts Character of fatigue of shafts Brittle fracture after certain service time Bending fatigue test Shafts S-N Diagrams Endurance Strength Endurance Limit (Completely Reversed Load) Shafts 在有限寿命区: Character of cyclic load Shafts Amplitude ratio Stress ratio * *