The Where Why and How of Data Collection教学文稿.ppt

Business Statistics: A Decision-Making Approach 6th Edition;Chapter Goals;Descriptive statistics Collecting, presenting, and describing data Inferential statistics Drawing conclusions and/or making decisions concerning a population based only on sample data;Descriptive Statistics;Data Sources;Types of Questions;A Population is the set of all items or individuals of interest Examples: All likely voters in the next election All parts produced today All sales receipts for November A Sample is a subset of the population Examples: 1000 voters selected at random for interview A few parts selected for destructive testing Every 100th receipt selected for audit;Population vs. Sample;Why Sample?;Sampling Techniques;Statistical Sampling;Simple Random Samples;Stratified Samples;Decide on sample size: n Divide frame of N individuals into groups of k individuals: k=N/n Randomly select one individual from the 1st group Select every kth individual thereafter;Cluster Samples;Key Definitions;Making statements about a population by examining sample results Sample statistics Population parameters (known) Inference (unknown, but can be estimated from sample evidence);Inferential Statistics;Data Types;Data Types;Data Types;Data Measurement Levels;Chapter Summary