unit 3 Cultural Diversity 跨文化的交际 大学.ppt

Cultural Diversity ;Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart. ---- Confucian saying;Right attitude in this global village;God gave to every people a cup, cup of clay, and from this cup they drank life… They all dipped in the water, but their cups were different. ---- R. Benedict ;Joke appreciation for cultural diversity;Joke appreciation for cultural diversity;Joke appreciation for cultural diversity;Joke appreciation for cultural diversity;Joke appreciation for cultural diversity;Why is one culture different from another?;Why is one culture different from another?;How to classify different cultures?;1. Model by Kluckhohn;1) Human Nature;orientation;Case study ;Hofstede’s Four Cultural Value System ;Individualism vs. Collectivism ;Ranking of Individualism ;; Uncertainty Avoidance;　　不确定性规避的核心就是认为未来不可知。虽然可能每个人都在预测未来，但是没有人能够丝毫无误地预知下一刻、下一天、下一年或下十年会发生什么事情。;　　高度不确定性规避文化为了避免不确定性和模糊性，常常向其成员提供稳定性，制定正式的规则，不容忍偏离观点和行为，寻求共识，并相信绝对的真理。他们感到的焦虑和压力较高; 比较容易接受生活中的不确定性，不为偏离的人或主张所困扰，因此他们对不寻常性的容忍度比较强。他们喜欢上进，不喜欢等级关系。他们乐于冒险，灵活性强，认为规则越少越好，他们对专家的依赖性不强，而更多地相信自己。整体而言，低度不确定性规避文化心态较为放松。;Ranking of Uncertainty Avoidance;Power Distance ;Ranking of Power Distance;Masculinity vs. Femininity ;Ranking of Masculinity;Ranking of Time Orientation Dimension;Edward T. Halls Model;High-context Culture: 高语境文化;Low-context Culture: 低语境文化;例子： 一个德国人，一个美国人，一个日本人到同一家餐厅，都点了一个汉堡，结果由于厨师的疏忽把三个汉堡中的肉都烤糊了，问，三个人会对此说什么？  ;;Americans have school friends, work friends, sports friends and neighborhood friends. These friends are based on common interests. When the shared activity ends, the friendship may fade.;;What are the tips if you want to make friends with Americans?;List three things that meant the most to you in a friendship;1.Child-rearing;Chinese Families;2.Family Relationships;Principles of an American Family;3. Friendship ;Friendship Obligations;The westerners prefer to be inde