英文比喻rhetorics.ppt

2.metaphor A. Definition: the substitution of one thing for another, or the identification of two things from different ranges of thought. “an implied comparison,” “a simile without ‘like’ or ‘as’” eg. The world is a stage and all men and women merely players. 3. personification A. definition: a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sensibility. B. e.g. Youth is hot and bold; Age is weak and cold. This time, fate was smiling to him. Dusk came stealthily. 4. metonymy A. definition: the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated. E.g. Give every man your ears, but few your voice. The kettle is boiling. My pocket can’t afford such a pair of shoes. The pen is mightier than the sword. B. notes: metonymy can be derived from various sources----from names of persons, from animals, parts of body, professions, locations or place names. e.g. Uncle Sam will have this sorted out tommorrow. He likes to read Shakespeare You are not a Bill Clinton. the bear: Soviet Union the dragon: China heart: feelings and emotions head, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reason She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. gray hair: old age the press: newspapers, reporters He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel. Shares rose sharply on Wall Street yesterday. the White House 5. Synecdoche definition: the naming of a part to mean the whole, as in “hands” for “men who do manual labor”, or the whole for a part, or the abstract thing for the concrete thing. e.g. He has many mouths to feed in his family. He paid the workers $5 per head. Great minds think alike. The surgeon cut me up and took out the appendix and then stitched me up. The score is 2 to 1 in favor of China. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Frenchman. All the wit and learning were assem