马先蒿属不同对称性花冠的发生和分化论文论文.docVIP

摘要 马先蒿属不同对称性花冠的发生和分化 摘要 本文对列当科（Orobanchaceae）马先蒿属（Pedicularis L.）不同对称性的 花进行了花器官发生、花冠形态分化以及繁育系统的研究，得到以下结论： 1．花器官发生：对代表不同花冠型和不同对称性花冠的 4 种马先蒿属植 物进行了花器官发生研究，发现它们的花部各结构在发生上基本相似。整个花 由 4 轮器官构成，即 2 枚萼片原基，5 枚花瓣原基，4 枚雄蕊原基和 2 枚心皮原 基。由于器官抑制作用，花部各器官尤其是花瓣原基和心皮原基在发生的时间、 空间上表现出了明显的单轴对称，并最终导致了成熟花冠呈单轴对称。与相关 类群金鱼草（Antirrhinum majus L.）和毛地黄（Digitalis purpurea L.）的花器官 发生进行了比较，结合分子系统学证据认为马先蒿属可能是唇形目（Lamiales） 中联系花冠多轴对称和单轴对称间的纽带之一，随后探讨了花冠对称性变化对 植物繁育系统可能产生的影响。 2．花冠形态分化：对 9 种马先蒿的上唇进行了形态发育观察，发现上唇 花冠的发育过程是马先蒿属植物形成多样化花冠的重要阶段。按分化的过程， 将上唇花冠的发育方式分为头盔型、具齿型和具喙型三种类型。马先蒿的花冠 从单轴对称转变为左右不对称是上唇发育时异速生长的结果。分子系统树和形 态发生学的证据都表明，马先蒿的盔下齿是经历了若干次的进化。 关键词：马先蒿属，列当科，花器官发生，花冠形态分化，花冠对称性， i 硕士学位论文：马先蒿属不同对称性花冠的发生和分化 Floral ontogeny and divergence in Pedicularis L. with different symmetrical corollas Cai Jie (Botany) Directed by Prof. WANG Hong Prof. LIANG Han-Xin Abstract To understand the evolution of floral symmetry in Pedicularis L. (Orbanchaceae) and its biological subsequences, an integrated research of flower morphology, floral ontogeny, and reproductive system was performed. The early floral ontogeny and development of Pedicularis were observed for the first time. A pair of sepal primordia was initiated from floral apex lateral-adaxially, followed by those of 4 stamens, those of 5 petals, and those of 2 carpels successively. It revealed that Pedicularis with four different corolla types shared many similarities in their early developmental stage. Floral monosymmetry, resulted from organ suppression, was expressed in all parts of flowers, especially in petals initiating from abaxially to adaxially and in carpel primodia occupying different positions on the floral apex. A comparison of floral ontogeny among Pedicularis and related taxa Antirrhinum majus and Digitalis purpurea was studied based on developmental and molecular data. We assumed that Pedicularis was one of the key groups that bridged the gaps between polysymmetry to monosymmetry in Lamiales. The possible impact of the change of floral symmetry on their