中国古代科技与思想.pptVIP

Major technological achievements and thoughts in ancient China Historical development 尧舜禹，夏商周，春秋战国秦两汉，三国魏晋南北朝，隋唐宋元明清，中华民国，中华人民共和国。 具体：三皇五帝 夏朝（约前2146-约前1675） 商朝（约前1675-约前1029） 西周（约前1029-前771） 东周(前770-前256) 春秋(前770-前476)-战国(前475-前221) 秦朝（前221-前207） 西汉（前206-8） （新朝）（9-23） 东汉（25-220） 魏（220-265）-蜀（221-263）-吴（222-280） First Emporer of Qin Dynasty Major trends of thoughts China has a 5000-year history of the development of civilization. 中国是一个疆域辽阔、人口众多的多民族统一国家。 China is a unitary multinational country with a vast territory and a large population. Four books --- The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Confucian Analects, and The Works of Mencius The Five Classics — The Book of Songs, Collections of Ancient Texts, The Rites, The Book of Changes and The Spring and Autumn Annals Confucius A follower of past tradition V.S a trailblazer for future generation A.Benevolence仁 The benevolent love others.仁者爱人 modesty恭leniency宽 faithfulness信resourcefulness敏kindness惠bravery勇wisdom智fifial piety孝悌loyalty忠tolerance恕integrity直civility逊righteousness义studiousness好学 B.Propriety礼 the obsession of hierachy 专制制度 2funcitions To differentiate people To emphasize the ties of blood If Propriety reflects the conservativeness of the Confucian thought,benevolence embodies the creactive aspect.Confucius combined the two,making his theory a political and ethical one. Mencius (in the middle of the Warring States Period) 1.Benevolent government 仁政 loving the people caring for the people people come first,the state comes second,and the king third. 民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。 2.Original goodness of human nature性本善 every man is good by nature,and all men have natural sympathies. 3.Self-cultivation内省 Neither riches nor honors can corrupt him; Neither poverty nor lowly position can make him swerve from principle; Neither threats nor force can bend him. 富贵不能淫 贫贱不能移 威武不能屈 XunZi (in the late Warrin