犯罪心理学一gai（精品PPT）.ppt

Chapter oneThe main theories of Criminal Psychology谁在犯罪？ A person who has committed a crime is called a perpetrator [,p?:pi‘treit?] (or “perp” as on TV police dramas )（犯罪者）. If the person is not actually caught in the act or has not been convicted (or has taken a plea deal), he‘s a suspect. If he’s on trial, he‘s the defendant. If the judge’s gavel(法槌） has fallen and he’s guilty, he‘s a convict or (perhaps) a felon.A person who commits a crime is usually called a criminal or offender. If the person has committed multiple crimes, the person is known as a recidivist[ri’sidivist] 惯犯. If not yet convicted, the person is called a suspect. Why a person would commit a crime? Phrenology is a pseudo science (伪科学）[psju:d?usai?ns] primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules. Phrenology was especially popular from about 1810 until 1840. Following the materialist notions of mental functions originating in the brain, phrenologists believed that human conduct could best be understood in neurological rather than abstract terms. It is now considered a pseudoscience[,s?dosa??ns] . Developed by German physician Franz Joseph Gall in 1796, the discipline was very popular in the 19th century. In 1843, Fran?ois Magendie referred to phrenology as a pseudo-science of the present day. Phrenological thinking was, however, influential in 19th-century psychiatry and modern neuroscience. Galls assumption that character, thoughts, and emotions are located in the brain is considered an important historical advance toward neuropsychology . Furthermore, some genetic conditions from Williams Syndrome to homosexuality have biometric markers such as hypertelorism [haip?tel?:riz?m]二眼距离过远, macrencephaly 巨脑, hair whorl, etc. which have empirical analogs in phrenology. Phrenologists believed that the mind has a set of different mental faculties（智力）, with ea