近代甘青地区矿业开发研究——以金矿为例-study on mining development in ganqing area in modern times - taking gold mine as an example.docx

中文摘要甘青地区金矿资源较广，蕴藏量也颇丰富。金矿业作为甘青社会经济的重要 组成部分，早在唐宋时期就有明确开采黄金的文字记载，明清时期人们采金活动 逐渐增多。到了近代，随着清朝国势衰微，甘青地区发生了回民反抗清政府的起 义。左宗棠在率兵镇压起义过程中，为解决巨额军费开支，计划引进机器开采肃 州金矿。清末“新政”时期，为了执行“奖励工商”的旨令，彭英甲在窑街创建 了官金铜厂，引进外国设备及技术人才，开始机器炼金。同时，也为了培养自己 的矿物人才，彭英甲又在兰州设立矿务学堂。官金铜厂和矿物学堂的创立，推动 了金矿业的发展，对发展甘青的经济起了一定的作用。民国时期，甘青地区，采 金点继续增多，开采规模也越来越大。为了开发矿业资源，地质探勘队深入甘青 地区，获得金矿分布和储藏量的大量数据，而金矿开采所产生的财富却被军阀所 掠夺。军阀马步芳凭借军政特权，控制了甘青地区几乎所有的金矿，并垄断了黄 金贸易，通过不等价交易﹑强行借贷等榨取了大量黄金。在矿主的转嫁剥削和工 头的种种克扣盘剥下，金矿工人的生产﹑生活条件十分低劣，造成大量金矿工人 的死伤。军阀对黄金的掠夺及对金矿工人的压榨，阻碍了甘青地区金矿业乃至社 会经济的进一步发展。关键词：近代 甘青 金矿业 垄断IAbstractGansu and Qinghai region have a wide range of gold resources, the reserves are also quite rich. Gold mining industry as an important part of the social economy in Gansu and Qinghai, as early as the Tang and Song dynasties had clear written records of gold mining, gold mining activities in Ming and Qing Dynasties, people gradually increased. In modern times, with the potential decline of the Qing state, Gansu and Qinghai occurred uprising that Hui ethnicity against the Qing government.During the suppression of the uprising, in order to address the huge military spending, Zuo Zongtang planed to introduce the gold mining machine to mine the gold resource in Ganzhou. The late Qing Dynasty New Deal period, in order to perform the instruction ofaward for Industry and Commerce, Peng Jiaying built the official gold copper plant in Yaojie, he also introduce the foreign equipment and technical person to start the machine alchemists . Meanwhile, Peng Jiaying set up the mineral school in Lanzhou to train their own talent minerals. The build of the official gold copper plant and the mineral school promoted the development of the gold mining industry and played an important role in the development of Gansu and Qinghai economy. In the period of Republic of China, the points of gold mining had sustained gained and the scale of mining was also growing in Gansu and Qinghai.In order to develop mineral resources, geological exploration went deep into Gans