科学级ccd相机分析及电气电路设计-analysis of scientific ccd camera and design of electrical circuit.docxVIP
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科学级ccd相机分析及电气电路设计-analysis of scientific ccd camera and design of electrical circuit
ResearchofScientificCCDcameraandDesignofElectricalCircuitsAbstractInthispaper,theheadpartofthelowcostscientificgradeCCDcamerawithCCDchipswasdeveloped,mainlyincludingCCDdriven,cooling,dataacquisitionandsoon.Atfirst,thebasicprinciplesofCCDtypephotoelectricsensorprinciple,andthepossiblenoiseswereanalyzed.ThenthedesignmethodtocontrolnoiseswasprovidedandthetwosensorsCCDandCMOSwerecompared.TheKodakCCDchipKAF-1603E,whichwashighresolutionandhighperformance,wasintroducedindetail.AsthefullframeCCDcameraltobedesigneddidnotneedhighspeed,soitdidnotmatteriftheframefrequencywaslow.CombinedwiththeworkingprinciplesofframetransferringCCD,thedrivingsequencerofKAF-1603E(CCDproducedbyKodak)wasanalyzedandcorrespondingdrivingcircuitwasthendesigned.FPGA(FieldProgrammableGateArray)hasbeenchosenasthehardwareplatform,anddrivingsequencerwasrealizedwithVHDL.ThefunctionalandtimingsimulationofthedrivingsequencerhadbeensuccessfullyfulfilledwithQuartusⅡ7.2(AlteradesignsoftwareforFPGA),andEP2C5Q208C8(akindofFPGAinCloneⅡseriesproducedbyAlteraCo.Ltd)wasusedtofit.Simulationandmeasurementresultsshowthatthedriverwascompletelyfeasible.ThesimulationsignalsoutputfromCCDneedaseriesofprocessbeforetheyweretransmittedtothecomputer,theCCD-specificprocessingchipAD9824wasfinallychosentobeusedtoreducethedifficultiesinsystemdesign,sothattheworkcouldbefinishedbythesysteminshorttime.Afteranalyzingseveralcommonlyusedtransmissionmethods,theUSB2.0waschosentobethesystemtransmitter.Thetestresultshowedthat,thedesignedsystemcouldsatisfysomeneedsinresearches,anditwasausefultrialforthedevelopmentofdomesticscientificgradeCCDcameras.Someshortagesofstudyandworksneedforperfectingwasindicated.Keywords:ScientificgradeCCD,FPGA,VHDL,Drivecircuit目录第一章绪论1.1课题背景11.2CCD图像传感器的介绍以及科学级CCD的发展与应用11.3本文所做的工作和结构安排2第二章CCD图像传感器成像原理及特性分析2.1CCD图像传感器成像原理42.1.1电荷的产生42.1.2电荷的存储52.1.3电荷的转移62.1.4电荷的输出72.2CCD图像传感器的特性参数82.2.1电荷转移效率和电荷转移损失率82.2.2光电转换特性92.2.3动态范围92.3CCD图像传感器信号噪声以及处理方法102.3.1暗电流散粒噪声112.3.2FD复位噪声112.3.3FD放大器噪声112.3.4光散粒噪声122.4CCD图像传感器的分类122.4.
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