第四章 神经和 与感官生物物理.ppt

Cell membrane Cm + – IC is determined by stimulus and the capacitative property of the membrane. Ic=CdV/dt Stimulus Time Response Im IC IC Stimulus Time Response Im Cell membrane Rm is an ion channel IC IX IX is determined by: (1) the stimulus, i.e. the extracellular voltage imposed on the cell. (2) Resistence Rm. Rm reflexes the permeability of membrane to ion X, i.e., the conductance of an ion channel. If you mandatorily set the membrane potential to a series of voltage, you will get a series of IX……. This is voltage clamp! Cm Rm + – 为了考察通道电流就必须消除电容电流的影响！ 可以令dV/dt＝0，即将膜电位钳制在一固定数值，使其不随时间变化，这就是电压钳技术的实质所在！ Voltage Steps Xenopus oocyte Reference electrode Vm Im Amp1 Amp2 Vcommand Two electrodes Vm and Im are used in voltage clamping. Commander voltage Vcom (指令电位) When Vm differs from Vcom, a feekback amplifier injects opposing current through the Im electrode to maintain Vm to the intended value of Vcom. Voltage Clamp Thus, Im electrode provides a accurate measurement of the total membrane current (but opposite in direction). Xenopus oocyte Reference electrode Vm Im Amp1 Amp2 Vcommand IC decays to zero with time. Thus, Im is proportional to Vm. If we know Im at a constant Vm (which is clampled at a constant Vcom), then we know the conductance of the cell membrane to ion X. Voltage Clamp Time Response Im No channels expressed Xenopus oocyte Vm Im Discharging Charging Response Im Time Discharging Charging -80 mV -40 mV -80 mV -120 mV Na+ channel, an example for Voltage Clamp Voltage-sensitive Na+ Channels expressed Current carried by channel Xenopus oocyte Vm Im -80 mV -40 mV Time Response Im Discharging Charging -80 mV Na+ channel, an example for Voltage Clamp 0 +100 -80 Vm (mV) EK=-95 mV ENa=+67 mV ECa=+123 mV ECl=-89 mV Electrochemical Driving Force D=Vm-ENa=-147 mV D=-203 mV D=+15 mV D=+9 mV Outward Inward reversal potential 翻转电位 Membrane currents are considered positive when there is positive ion flow OUT OF the cell., Inward current is negati