医院感染6无菌与隔离技术英文2015.PPT

* * 无菌物品不可暴露在空气中，请存放于无菌包或无菌容器中 A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to the air. Microorganisms traveling through the air can fall on sterile items or fields. * 手部应保持在腰部或治疗台面上，不可跨越无菌区，手不可接触无菌物品。 * 手部应保持在腰部或治疗台面上，不可跨越无菌区，手不可接触无菌物品。 * 传染源或高度易感人群 * 清洁区：隔离要求：患者及患者接触过的物品不得进入清洁区；工作人员接触患者后需脱去隔离衣及鞋后，手卫生方可进入清洁区。 潜在污染区：患者或穿隔离衣的工作人员通过走廊时，不得接触墙壁、家具等。各类检验标本应放在指定的存放盘和架上，检验后的标本及容器等应严格按要求分别处理。 污染区：污染区的物品未经消毒处理，不得带到他处，工作人员进入污染区时，必须穿隔离衣，戴口罩，帽子，必要时换隔离鞋，离开前脱隔离衣，鞋并消毒双手。 * * * * * * 医务人员接触病人血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物等物质时，不管是否有明显的血迹污染或是否接触非完整的皮肤和粘膜，必须采取防护措施。同时，还应根据疾病的传播途径采取空气、飞沫、接触隔离措施。 * * * * * ASSESS THE RISK of exposure to body substances or contaminated surfaces BEFORE any health care activity. Select PPE based on the assessment of risk: The effectiveness of PPE is dependent on adequate and regular supplies, adequate staff training, proper hand hygiene, and in particular, appropriate human behaviour. Listed here are several patient care activities that could indicate a need to wear PPE. What PPE would you wear for the following? Giving a bed bath? (generally none) Suctioning oral secretions? (gloves and mask/goggles or a face shield) (Respondents may correctly note that this may depend on whether open or closed suction is being used) Transporting a patient in a wheelchair? (generally none) Responding to an emergency where blood is spurting? (gloves, fluid-resistant gown, and mask/goggles or a face shield) Drawing blood from a vein? (gloves) Cleaning an incontinent patient with diarrhea? (gloves and generally a gown) Irrigating a wound? (gloves, gown, and mask/goggles or a face shield) Taking vital signs? (generally none) NOTE TO TRAINER: Encourage discussion of how healthcare personnel decide for themselves which PPE will be worn. Do they over- or under-protect themselves? * * 医务人员接触病人血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物等物质时，不管是否有明显的血迹污染或是否接触非完整的皮肤和粘膜，必须采取防护措施。同时，还应根据疾病的传播途径采取空气、飞沫、接触隔离措施。 These are additional precautions utilised to prevent infection when a patient is k