语法 ( 动词不定式).ppt

动词不定式 ?一 概述 ? 动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种，其构成形式是在动词原形前面加上符号to, 但是在有些情况下，符号to可以省略或者必须省略。其否定式就是在to前面加not, 有时候可以用never。 动词不定式有时用for短语表示自己的逻辑主语。 此外，动词不定式前面可以加whether、what、how、when、where、why等词，构成不定式的疑问式。 动词不定式作为非谓语动词的一种，除了不能单独做谓语以外，别的语法功能都能承担。也就是说动词不定式可以充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和补足语。 全部倒装句的具体用法 词不定式常用的形式有以下几种：（以learn为例） ? 一般式: to learn 一般被动式: to be learned 完成式: to have learned 完成被动式: to have been learned 进行式: to be learning ? ? 二 动词不定式的形式 ? 1 to do/to be done 一般式 一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语表示的动作同时或者在其之后发生。 I want to meet you some time next week again. I am greatly honored to make a speech here. I felt pleased to be invited to your party. ? 2 to be doing 进行式 进行式所表示的动作通常与谓语表示的动作同时发生。 He is said to be writing a spy novel. He is just pretending to be sleeping. ? 3 to have done/to have been done 完成式 完成式所表示的动作通常在谓语表示的动作之前发生。 He is said to have finished a spy novel. I happened to have met the manager before. ? 完成式用在plan、hope、expect、should like和would like等动词或短语之后表示没有实现的动作或行为。 We expected to have met him at the airport, but a traffic jam delayed us. I planned to have finished my homework yesterday evening. 三 动词不定式的用法 1 动词不定式作主语 单个动词不定式或者动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数，而且常用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式放在句子最后。 To depend on yourself is of great importance. It is of great importance to depend on you. It is easier to say than (it is) to do. How to solve the problem matters much. 2动词不定式作宾语 动词不定式可以放在动词或者介词后面作宾语。常用的动词有：want， promise，agree，like，offer等。常用的介词有on, about, but, besides等。 I want to know who did this. He has promised to offer to help us out of the dilemma. This research is about how to recycle waste materials. ? 动词不定式作宾语时如果有补语，需要用it代替，而将动词不定式放在句子的末端。 He feels it his duty to help the poor people. 此外，动词不定式第二次出现时可以保留to省略其他的内容来避免重复。 ---Have you finished your homework yet? ---No. I plan to. I’d like to if you want me to express my opinion. ? 当动词不定式作介词but，besides，except的宾语时，如果介词前面出现了实意动词do, 常常需要省略to。 We can do nothing but wait for his arrival. 3动词不定式作表语 动词不定式可以放在连系动词后面作表语。 My future dream is to be a scientist. ? 4动词不定式作