第三节课：职称英语讲义1.docVIP

总体设计 第二讲：英译汉 英语与汉语的最大不同 1英语重结构，汉语重语义 2英语长句较多，汉语多短句 3英语被动语态较多，汉语较少见 4英语介词分工明显，汉语则很模糊 5英语规则多，汉语规则少 Have how far, die how far. 有多远，死多远 第一讲：英译汉 In just a few years, many cities banned the parking of cars on side walks, created or renovated （修复）more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-base rapid transit system, built hundreds of kilometers of bicycle paths and pedestrian streets步行街 , reduced rush hour traffic, planted more trees and involved使（个人或团体）参与 local citizens directly in the improvement of their neighborhoods. 英文理解或翻译中可能遇到的障碍 1从句（状语从句、定语从句、名词从句） 2句型、固定结构、典型句法 3后置定语 4一词多义 5非字面意义现象 一：从句的翻译方式-状语从句 1. 状语从句的理解方式 unit 1 （para.2, line3） Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. 巨大的噪音会引发我们本能的恐惧感（另一种是坠落时的恐惧）。如果我们不幸生活在外来的噪音之中，我们则无法完全放松。 08 阅读短文2 para2 There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. 因为面包被切的很薄，所以含有较少的热量，但是每一片面包仍然含有相同的热量 结论：地点、假设条件、原因、时间状语从句应先从后主。方式壮语先主后从。让步壮语随意。结果状语居后 08. 阅读短文1 para. 2 But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. 但是会议本身并不是一个终端结果，无论有人怎么想 08. 翻译短文2 para. 2 When a study area has been reduced to a manageable size, it is called a prospective area, or prospect. 当勘探区域缩小到可以控制的范围时，它会被称为矿藏远景区 2. 定语从句的理解方式 unit 1 (para. 3, line 4) A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery. 和父母或孩子的关系如果不是建立在仁慈、无条件的关心基础上，只会产生孤立与痛苦 Unit 2 (para. 2, line 5) The number of hours commuters spent going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher each year, raising frustration levels. 乘车者花在拥挤堵塞的街道和大路上的时间初年攀升，郁闷也随之加深 08 英译汉短文2 When all possible sites that could be picked in this manner were exhausted, new selection methods were necessary. 当所有用这种方法寻找的油址勘完之后，就需要寻求新的选址方法 08 汉译英短文1 Being one of those whose life has been th