量子保密通信网络及其协议分析-quantum secure communication network and its protocol analysis.docxVIP

摘要量子保密通信是量子信息学的重要分支。量子保密通信以量子力学和经典密 码学为理论基础，利用微观粒子的量子属性实现信息保护，其安全性由量子不可 克隆定理和量子测不准原理保证。由于量子保密通信具有无条件安全性，因此受 到了各国政府和军事部门的高度重视，很多学者和研究机构都在开展量子保密通 信的研究。量子保密通信网络是未来量子保密通信技术向多用户发展的必然趋势。 本文主要针对量子保密通信网络展开研究，研究内容包括以下几个方面：研究了实际量子保密通信网络的构建问题。介绍了量子密钥分配（Quantum Key Distribution，简称 QKD）网络的三种实现方案，分析了这些方案的优缺点； 将 QKD 网络与现有的光纤通信网络结合起来，设计了一种实际的量子保密通信网 络模型；通过将信任节点骨干网与光纤城域接入网相结合，给出了量子保密通信 广域网的框架；分析了信任节点骨干网络中可能遇到的瓶颈信道问题，提出将网 络编码方案应用于实际量子网络，可以有效改善网络中密钥传输速率。研究了量子保密通信网络中任意两个用户间密钥分配的问题。提出了一种基 于星型网络的任意两用户的量子密钥分配协议，给出了协议实现的量子逻辑门线 路图。通过理论分析证明协议在窃听者 Eve 的攻击下是安全的。该协议只用到了 基本的 H 门和 CNOT 门，协议的物理实现简单。基于一组有非定域性的双量子位正交直积态，设计了一种量子组密钥分配协 议。由于这组双量子位直积态构成正交完备矢量组，因此可以将密钥信息编码在 这组态上并发送给多个接收者，实现了一个发送者和一组接收者的密钥共享。该 协议的安全性由正交直积态的非定域性来保证。直积态在实验上比纠缠态更容易产生和控制，相对于使用纠缠态的方案，该协议更容易在实验上实现。关键词：量子信息；量子密码；量子密钥分配；量子保密通信；量子保密通 信网络AbstractQuantum secure communication is an important branch of quantum information science. Quantum secure communication which uses the quantum effect to protect the information is based on quantum mechanics and classical cryptography. The security is based on quantum non-cloning theorem and uncertainty principle. Because of the unconditional security of quantum secure communication, it has drawn high attention of every national government and military department. Many researchers and institute are studying the quantum secure communication. Quantum secure communication network becomes the trend to fulfill the requirements of multiple users’ secure communications.The contents of this thesis are discussing how to build a quantum secure communication network. Following are the major parts:Discussing the problem of building a quantum secure communication network. The three kinds of QKD network was synopsisly introduced and their advantage and shortage was analyzed. We gave a programming of secure communication systemwhich based on QKD network and classical fiber networks，described its framework andfilled all issues into this frame by the subiects they concemed with. And the idea of building wide area n