如何做完形填空公开课.pptVIP

如何做完形填空（一） How to conquer cloze（一） 易双霞 完形初探 格式塔心理学（又称完形心理学）认为，人的大脑里储存着已有的知识和完整的知识体系（图式），当人们感知外部事物和对信息进行加工时，这些已有的知识和完整的知识体系会有意识或无意识地起作用。该理论还认为人们在感知不完整事物时，在内心深处总是倾向于将其补全，使之“完形”即一个完整体（图式）；整体是由部分组成的，而整体不等于各部分的简单相加，它大于各部分相加之和。而完形填空正是一种需要补全，使之完形的残缺语篇材料。因此，完形填空是一种基于格式塔心理学原理而设计的语篇综合测试形式。 格式塔心理学理论带来的启示： 1、人们感知事物的顺序是由整体到部分，是一个bottom-up的过程。因此，我们做完形填空的正确的方法因该是先整体后部分，浏览全文把握大意，为进一步“完形”唤醒已有的知识储备。 2、“完形”是利用已知图式建构未知图式的过程。一般来说，大脑中已知图式越丰富，其建构过程越简单，反之就越困难。这里的所谓图式就是指知识。因此，要做好完形填空，我们必须增加知识储备，它包括：本学科知识、跨学科知识、社会知识、生活常识、目标语国家的风俗人情、历史文化等。总之，要夯实英语语言基础，为形成综合运用语言的能力搭建平台。 3、“完形”是一个综合利用已知和未知信息建构一个与原有信息（图式）最契合的全新图式过程，它需要充分利用一切有关联的信息。所以我们在做完形填空时遵循的一条基本原则是：“瞻前顾后，左右逢源”。充分利用语境信息，进行归纳、判断和推理，正确理解篇章结构，掌握文章主题大意。 一.语境与解题 A.fishing boats B.lifeboats C.planes D.trains. 1)Japan is an island country and its ___ go all over Japan. 2)Japan is an island country and its ___ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch. 3)Japan is an island country and its ___go all over the Pacific looking for fish groups. 4)Japan is an island country and its ___go all over the Pacific for the missing people. 5)Japan is an island country and its ___go all over Japan,sending people to and from work. Norman Cousins was a business from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his ____and travelling. A.time B.holiday C.sleep D.work 二、逻辑与做题 1. First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching …____,I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk …Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. A.Later B.Secondly C.However D.Therefore 2.The young nurse was Mary Paxton_____she was deaf. 3.I realized strength and courage aren’t always measured in medals and victories ,but in the struggles we overcome,The strongest people are not always the people who win,_____the people who don’t give up when they lose. A.or B.nor C.and D.but 4.People are shooting from a house behind you.What are you doing there?You aren’t a soldier.You aren’t _____carrying a