论针刺补泻相对特异性.docVIP

论针刺补泻相对特异性 　　［摘　要］　为了探讨针刺补泻手法对人体的作用，通过古代文献记载，以现代临床、实验研究为依据，结合在针灸教学、临床上的体会，对针刺补泻的作用进行探讨，认为补泻作用产生的关键不是针刺补泻手法的本身，而是患者在针刺时机体的机能状况。补泻手法作用于人体，通过调气表现出补泻的效应，说明补泻效果的产生要具备一定的条件，不是任何条件下都有补泻效果，即对虚证病人可以产生补的作用，对实证病人可以产生泻的作用，补法和泻法对虚实病证均有治疗作用，但对虚证要首用补法，对实证要首选泻法。 　　［主题词］　针刺补泻；针刺补法；针刺泻法 　　On Relative Specificity of Reinforcing and Reducing Methods of Acupuncture 　　Gao Xiyan (Henan College of TCM, Zhengzhou 450008, China) 　　［Abstract］　The author probes into effects of acupuncture reinforcing and reducing methods on the human body, based on ancient literature and modern clinical and experimental studies in combination with the author?s experience on teaching and clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, and holds that the key of occurring reinforcing and reducing actions is not acupuncture reinforcing and reducing manipulation itself, and it is the functional state of the organism in acupuncture treatment. When reinforcing and reducing methods act on the human body, they occur reinforcing and reducing effects via regulating Qi, indicating that occurrence of reinforcing and reducing effects needs a certain condition, that is, occurring reinforcing action on the patient of deficiency syndrome and reducing action on the patient of excess syndrome; both reinforcing and reducing methods have therapeutic effects on both deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome, but deficiency should be first treated with reinforcing method and excess syndrome should be first treated with reducing method. 　　［Key words］　Method of Reinforcing-Reducing; Acupuncture Reinforcing Method; Acupuncture Reducing Method 　　针刺补泻是针刺手法操作中的高难度技术，古人曾用四难来形容补泻手法的操作难度：“针刺容易辨证难，辨证容易取穴难，取穴容易补泻难，补泻容易辨气难”，说明补泻手法的难以掌握。也正是由于补泻手法操作的难度大，致使对传统的补泻操作术式产生了神秘的认识，使后学者不能真正掌握补泻的精髓，造成认识上的混乱，产生上千年的争论，出现教学与临床实践的脱节现象。用现有教材上的补泻理论不能圆满解释临床中的问题，如教材上讲用针要“虚者补之”，“实则泻之”，“补泻反则病益笃”，但临床实际中并不完全如此，许多医生对各种病证均采用平补平泻，甚至补泻反用，也有治疗效果，对此应如何解释?笔者认为针刺补泻具有相对特异性。 　　针刺补泻的相对特异性指补法是相对于虚证而设的一种操作手法，泻法是相对于实证而设的操作手法，补法、泻法对虚实病证均有治疗作用，但对虚证要首用补法，对实证要首