(儿科学英文课件）17 chickenpox教程教案.pptVIP

VARICELLA(Chickenpox);Overview Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary infection caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) . Varicella is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical vesicles, generally accompanied by a mild constitutional reaction. ; Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Family: Herpesviridae Subfamily: Alpha herpesvirinae Serotype: Only one latent infection ---reactivation; Locations: Patients respiratory secretions, blood, vesicle fluid Resistance: Sensitive to heat, acid and disinfectant ;Infectious sources : Patients The infective stage is from about 24 hr before the appearance of the rash to all lesions are crusted ;;characteristic?change?of pathology ： Multinucleated giant cells and intranuclear inclusions? ;Pathology;Clinical Manifestations 1.Typical varicella 1) Incubation period: the incubation period varies from 10-21 days, but the average is 13-17 days. 2) Prodromal period: short,mild there may be slight fever, malaise ,or anorexia. ;Rash Features: 1.rash development process: maculopapule-- “tear-drop” vesicles--cloudy vesicles(pustules)--crusts 2.rash characteristics: appear in batches (development of several crops of rash ) four kinds of rash at the same time concentric distribution mucosa involvement 3.rash sequence: trunk-- face and scalp- -extremities rash pruritus ;Clinical Manifestations 1.Severe varicella:;1) Secondery bacterial infection the skin lesions is the most common complication. Such as impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis、surgical scarflet fever ;2) Central nervous system complications ①Varicella encephalitis the most common central nervous system complication. Overall mortality rates vary from 5-25%. About 15% of survivors have permanent sequelae of seizures, mental retardation, or behavior disturbances.;②Other nervous system complications Guillain-Barre syndrome Reye