生物乙醇综述.docVIP

生物乙醇（Bioethanol） 摘要：生物乙醇是指通过微生物的发酵将各种生物质转化为燃料酒精在能源安全问题日益突出、传统化石能源的消耗造成严重环境危害的形势下燃料乙醇已经成为世界各国重点研究和推广的能源课题之一，在我国以乙醇代替汽油或部分代替汽油驱动机动车辆，农用机械也势在必行。国内外对生物质燃料乙醇进行了100多年的生产、应用和推广工作，但至今依然存在着许多关键的制约因素。研究表明，严重制约着生物质燃料乙醇规模化生产的关键瓶颈问题有两个：一是原料的预处理造成严重的环境污染或处理成本偏高；二是发酵阶段中糖的利用率低造成燃料乙醇产率偏低。 关键词：生物质，燃料乙醇，发酵，工艺，能源。 ABSTRACT:Ethanol is through the microbial fermentation will all kinds of biomass into fuel alcohol. Energy Safty Problem is becoming more and more outstanding day after day, all or part the gasoline is replaced by fuel-ethanol will be imperative under the situation for driving motor vehicles and farming machines in China. Production,application and extension along with many others of fuel ethanol have been made over 100 years.However,there are many key obstacle factors especially two sides in it today.One is serious environmental pollution and high cost caused by pretreatment of materials,the other is the lower conversional rate of fuel ethanol during sugar fermentation. This article is mainly to the fuel ethanol processing all kinds of domestic and foreign production technology introduced roughly, and analysis of the current world biofuel ethanol production development trend. Keywords: biomass,fuel ethanol,fermentation,technics,energy. 引言：生物乙醇以其可再生，燃烧不增加大气中二氧化碳量的关系，作为燃料的前途被社会所期待。生产燃料乙醇的生物质原料资源可以分为三类：糖类、淀粉类、纤维素类。但是生物乙醇的制取至今依然存在着许多关键的制约因素。在热水里淀粉颗粒会膨胀，有一部分淀粉溶解在水里，另一部分悬浮在水里，形成胶状淀粉糊。改善燃烧，减少氧化碳等不完全燃烧污染物排放J].中国能源，2002，(3):6－10．