(医学各论课件）29、呼吸系统药理学教程文件.pptVIP

Antitussives, expectorants, and antiasmatic drugs;Drugs acting on respiratory system;1. Antitussives;Centrally acting Addictive drugs: codeine 可待因 Non-addictive drugs: dextromethorphan 右美沙芬 pentoxyverine 喷托维林(咳必清) Peripherally acting benzonatate 苯佐那酯;1. Pharmacological effects suppression of cough analgesia 2. Clinical uses Cough without sputum 3. Adverse effects Respiratory depression (at larger doses) Addiction Contraindicated in patients with thick sputum;Dextromethorphan 右美沙芬;1. Pharmacological effects suppression of cough muscarinic and NMDA receptor antagonism 2. Clinical uses Upper respiratory infection, cough without sputum 3. Adverse effects Atropine-like side effects Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, pregnancy ( 3 m), psychotic disorders, etc. ;Pentoxyverine 喷托维林(咳必清) ;Pharmacological effects Suppression of cough Muscarinic antagonism and local anesthetic effects Uses and adverse effects are similar to dextromethorphan;Benzonatate 苯佐那酯;Pharmacological effects Peripherally acting Blocking cough reflex Local anesthetic effects CNS depression;2. Expectorants;Sputum-diluting drugs Stimulating bronchial secretion Amonium chloride 氯化铵 Potassium iodide 碘化钾 Mucolytic drugs Bromhexine 溴己新 Ambroxol 氨溴索 Acetylcysteine 乙酰半胱氨酸 Methylcysteine 美司坦 Carbocisteine 羧甲司坦 Mesna 美司钠;3. Antiasthmatic drugs;Asthma;Symptom: dyspnea, wheezing, stridor, coughing, an inability for physical exertion. The cough may sometimes produce clear sputum. Between episodes, most patients feel well but can have mild symptoms and they may remain short of breath after exercise for longer periods of time than the unaffected individual. ;;inflammation;? Receptor agonists Non-selective：adrenaline, isoprotererol ?2-selective: moderate-acting: salbutamol, terbutaline long-