浅谈英语中虚拟语气.docVIP

浅谈英语中虚拟语气 　　 [摘要] 虚拟语气是英语中比较重要的语法点之一,也是一个争议甚多的问题。本文对虚拟语气的各种形式及用法进行归纳与总结。 　　[关键词] 英语 虚拟语气 基本形式及用法 　　 　　一、虚拟语气的概念 　　虚拟语气重在表示动词的动作或状态和客观事实相反或可能相反的关系,即“非真实(unreality)”或“不确定(uncertainty)”,所以虚拟语气又叫假设语气,或想象语气,是谓语动词的特殊形式,表示说话人的主观愿望、建议、猜测或怀疑等。 　　二、虚拟语气的基本形式及用法 　　根据比较传统的说法,虚拟语气的形式共有7种,即动词原形、动词的过去式、be的过去式用were、had+过去分词、时态助动词should+动词原形、时态助动词should+have+过去分词、时态助动词should(第一人称)和would(第二、三人称)+动词原形、时态助动词should(第一人称)和would(第二、三人称)+have+过去分词。这是国内外多数传统??语语法者所接受的“虚拟语气”7式。这7种形式的用法分别如下: 　　1.动词原形,用于一切人称和数。例: 　　Long live the Communist Party of China! 　　If that be so, we shall take action at once. 　　2.动词的过去式,用于一切人称和数,be的过去式用were。例: 　　If I were in your shoes, I’d accept the terms. 　　If there were no electricity, we should not be able to run the machine. 　　3.had+过去分词,用于一切人称和数。如: 　　If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train. 　　If he had not been ill for two weeks, he would have made greatprogress. 　　4.时态助动词should+动词原形,用于一切人称和数。如: 　　They suggested that we should meet at the station. 　　If she should come to us, she would take part in our activities. 　　5.时态动词should +have+过去分词,用于一切人称和数。如: 　　It is strange that she should have done it. 　　If I had known his address, I should have told her. 　　6.时态助动词should(第一人称)和would(第二、三人称)+动词原形。如: 　　If he should repeat the mistake, he would be severely criticized. 　　If I were you ,I should take his advice. 　　7.时态助动词should(第一人称)和would(第二、三人称)+have+过去分词。如: 　　If father hadn’t sent me, I shouldn’t have come. 　　If I had time yesterday, I would have called her . 　　三、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 　　条件句有两类,即真实条件句(Sentences of Real Condition)和非真实条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition)。为了更清楚起见,现将虚拟语气在非真实条件句的形式和用法列表如下: 　　下面分别举例说明: 　　If we left now ,we should arrive in good time. 　　If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have seen him. 　　If he came tomorrow, I would ask him to go to the cinema. 　　If she should go away , I should be grieved. 　　If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go out. 　　如果非真实条件从句的谓语含有联系动词were或助动词had、should,那么,连词