(卫生经济学课件)CBA幻灯片课件.pptVIP

* Cost-benefit analysis Concept of CBA Measure of benefits Cost-benefit analysis Concept of CBA CBA compares the discounted future streams of program benefits with program costs. The goal of CBA is to identify whether the a program’s benefits exceed its costs. A positive net social benefit indicates a program is worthwhile. In CBA, program consequences are valued in monetary units, becoming benefits. Difference between CBA and CEA/CUA CBA is broader in scope than CEA/CUA can compare programs within and between sectors of the economy to inform resource allocation decision can tell if the programme is worthwhile or not, but CEA/CUA cannot CEA/CUA address mainly questions of production efficiency, in contrast, CBA address both production efficiency and allocative efficiency Measure of benefit Benefits can be divided into intangible benefits which are the value of improved health future health care costs avoided increased productive output due to improved health status These benefits can be measured by Human capital approach revealed preferences stated preferences of willingness-to-pay Human capital approach (1) Utilisation of health care programme can be viewed as an investment in a person’s human capital. In measuring the pay-back on this investment the value of the healthy time produced can be quantified in terms of the person’s renewed or increased production in the market-place. Revealed preference approach To examine the relationship between particular health risks associated with a hazardous job and wage rates that individuals require to accept the job. The strength is that it is based on actual consumer choices involving health versus money, rather than hypothetical scenarios and preference statements. The weakness is that estimated values have varied widely and estimation seems to be context and job-specific. In the real life, the choice of job is not only depended on the risk. Many factors confound the relationship between wage and health risk. Example of r