(外科学课件）（参考翻译）腹外疝课件修改稿宣讲培训.pptVIP

Hernia 疝; DEFINITION、CLINICAL TYPES、 ETIOLOGY、ANATOMY ;Definitions;Types of Hernia;Etiology 1 Intra-abdominal pressure increased 腹内压升高 ;Incisional weakness cause incisional hernia(after SO)切口弱点处造成切口疝;composition of abdominal external hernia 1. covering tissues: skin, subcutanous tissue 2. hernial sac: protrusion of peritoneum, neck of the sac: the most narrow part of the sac hernial ring (portal): a protrusion to the surface of the portal of hernia, where is the weak points or defects. (hernia named) 3. hernial contents: small intestine, major omentum;腹外疝的组成 1. 覆盖组织: 皮肤、皮下组织 2. 疝囊: 腹膜突出部分 颈部: 疝的最狭窄部分 疝环 (入口): 疝的入口表面的突出物，为疝的弱点/薄弱处(疝的命名) 3. 疝内容物: 小肠、大网膜;;;Types of Hernias; ★Irreducible hernia 不可复性疝 Hernial contents can not be easily or not fully return back into the abdominal cavity but does not cause severe symptoms. Repeatedly highlight 反复强调 the hernia contents, caused by hernial sac adhesion. Most of the contents are greater omentum 大网膜 or mesentery 肠系膜. ;★ Sliding Hernia 滑疝 ;★incarcerated hernia 嵌顿性疝 contents or part of hernial contents cannot be returned to the abdomen 腹部, without serious symptoms. hernias are trapped by the narrow neck ★strangulated hernia 绞窄性疝 pressure on the hernial contents may endanger 危及 blood supply and cause ischemia 缺血, at last the intestine 肠 appeared necrosis 坏死 and gangrene 坏疽. ; Incarcerated hernia;Strangulated hernia; How to distinguish incarcerated hernia and strangulated hernia? The content of the sac in both types are incarcerated incarcerated hernia ----no ischemia of intestine 无肠缺血 strangulated hernia --- ischemia of intestine 肠缺血 incarcerated hernia and strangulated hernia are the two stages of a pathologic course.;Several special types of hernia;★Littre hernia: a hernia involving a?Meckel‘s diverticulum 梅克尔憩室. It is named after the French anatomist? Alexis Littré?(1658–1726).;special types of hernia;DEFINITION、ANATOMY、CLINICAL MANIFESTATION、DIAGNOS