英语语法之非谓语动词用法.docVIP

英语语法之非谓语动词用法 一、解析非谓动词作主语 1. 不定式作主语。如： To say is easier than to do. 解析：用不定式作主语时，常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作，并且用it作形式主语而将其后置。如上例可改为：It is easier to say than to do. 2. 动名词作主语。如： Walking after supper is good for both young and old. 解析：若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。 二、解析非谓语动词作表语 1. 不定式作表语。如： What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice. The library books are not allowed to be taken away. 解析：不定式作表语时，其后接动词（词组）主动式或被动式，与其最近的动词采用原形。 2. 动名词作表语。如： His job is teaching. The most famous writings in the world are worth reading. 解析：动名词作表语时，表语既具有动词特征又具有名词性，甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。如上例可改为：Teaching is his job. 3. 分词作表语。如： The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it. 解析：现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征，表语与主语之间是主动关系，并且常以物作主语，译为“某物怎么样”；过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的心理状态，主语 和表语之间存在被动关系，并且常以人作主语，译为“某人感到怎么样”。具有这一用 法的有：surprise, interest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage等 三、解析非谓语动词作宾语 1. 不定式作宾语。 如： She pretended not to see me when I came in. Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening. 解析：有些动词之后要用不定式作宾语。表示某次具体的动作或行为。类似的动词有 hope, agree, choose,manage,promise,expect,determine,decide,seek,refuse,arrange,desire等。 2. 动名词作宾语。 如： Would you mind my opening the window? He didn’t remember having lived with his friend before. 解析：有些动词（词组）后接动名词形式，表示动作的经常性、习惯性或已经完成。类 似的词有enjoy, keep, admit, avoid, escape, consider, delay, put off, give up等。 注意：want, need, require 等动词以物作主语时，其后的宾语用主动式表被动含义或用 不定式的被动式。如Those young trees need watering/ to be watered.另外，还有少数动词， 如mean, stop, try, can’t help 等后既可接不定式也可接动名词，但各自发生时间有先后。 如： （1）—The light in the room is still on. —Oh, I forgot to turn it off. （2）—Where is your pen? —Oh, I remember having putting it in my bag. 四、解析非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语 1. 不定式作宾语、主语补足语。如： The policeman told the boy not to play on the road. The old man was often seen to stand at the door of his house. 解析：诸如get, ask, beg, invite, oblige