概括公理和新弗雷格主义-generalization of axioms and new frege doctrine.docx

则不能解决关于数的存在性问题，但是在概括公理的帮助下，公理 V 可以解决关于外延的存在性问题。由此说明，相比于休谟原则，公理 V 具有不可取代的优越性。 技术性工作。既然公理 V 的地位是不可动摇的，并且悖论来源于公理 V 和概括公理的不一致性，所以避免悖论的出路就在于限制概括公理。在回顾以往直谓概括公理的利弊得失后，本文提出了正概括公理、模态概括公理和弗协调概括公理。主要证明了以下结论。公理 V 与正概括公理是一致的，并且二者可以解释 Robinson 算术。在增加某些公理的前提下， 可以从公理 V 和正概括公理推出后继公理。模态公理 V 和模态概括公理是一致的，并且二 者也可以解释 Robinson 算术。虽然从模态公理 V 和模态概括公理可以推出某种版本的休谟 原则，但是无法从这个版本的休谟原则和模态概括公理推出皮亚诺算术公理。弗协调公理 V 和弗协调概括公理是足道的。在增加某些公理的前提下，可以从弗协调公理 V 推出弗协调 休谟原则。为了从弗协调逻辑返回到经典逻辑，本文为上述弗协调理论设计了一个特殊的推 理策略。本文最后讨论了弗雷格关于分析性和先天性的观点。 关键词：概括公理，公理 V，新弗雷格主义AbstractLiu Jingxian (Philosophy of Logic) Supervised by Prof. Chen BoGottlob Frege was the founder of modern mathematical logic and was one of the fathers of analytical philosophy. Most of his work was devoted to establishing a philosophy of mathematics known as logicism: arithmetic can be reduced to logic, that is, to guarantee the analyticity and apriority of arithmetic by the analyticity and apriority of logic. However, Frege’s work had been undermined by Russell’s Paradox. The origin of Russell’s Paradox is the inconsistency of second-order comprehension axiom and Frege’s Basic Law V. Recently, Neo-fregeans discovered the following facts: comprehension axiom is consistent with Hume’s Principle which has been abandoned by Frege, and Peano arithmetic can be derived from second-order logic and Hume’s Principle, that is, the so-called Frege Theorem. Then, the Neo-Fregeans argue that if we appeal to Hume’s Principle rather than the infamous Basic Law V, then, in some sense, Frege’s Logicism can be established.I disagree with the above Neo-Fregean claims. Basic Law V is irreplaceable in Frege’s Logical system; it is unfeasible to abandon Basic Law V in order to save Frege from contradiction. Caesar Problem and Bad Company Objection are two criticisms on Hume’s Principle. This paper focuses on the relation between comprehension axiom and Neo-Logicism.Histotical Work. While paying attention to Frege’s original notation, this paper reformulates, in modern notation, the