高温热防护材料发射率测量技术分析-analysis of emissivity measurement technology of high temperature thermal protection materials.docx
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高温热防护材料发射率测量技术分析-analysis of emissivity measurement technology of high temperature thermal protection materials
其后,提出了随机无规则粗糙表面光谱发射率计算方法。针对几何光学粗糙量级的二维随机无规则粗糙表面的发射率计算问题,建立基于多次反射理论的局部非规则形状表面的表观发射率自辐射模型,得出局部粗糙因子与表面积的函数关系。采用高斯功率谱密度的二维随机粗糙表面的建立方法生成表达二维随机粗糙表面的矩阵,并采用离散三角形覆盖法计算随机粗糙表面的表面积,并建立整体粗糙表面的表观发射率与粗糙参数的函数计算关系。实验表明,采用该方法计算的光谱发射率与实验测量结果的误差的最大值为5.7%。提出的方法得到了二维随机无规则粗糙表面的表观发射率与粗糙参数的内在联系,适用于任意随机无规则粗糙表面的表观发射率计算。最后,模拟热防护材料在实验室环境的超高温和高真空条件下的热辐射状态,建立了基于傅里叶光谱仪的宽温区、高真空、宽光谱发射率测量系统。基于梯度电阻结构石墨发热体的强电流加热方式,克服了建立绝缘材料的超高温高次非线性热平衡的技术难点;采用往复滑动石墨电极结构,克服了超高温管式黑体腔因线膨胀产生的热应力技术难点;采用高压流体强制冷却技术,解决了密闭真空环境下因强辐射加热产生的非恒温背景辐射干扰问题;采用非线性辐射热分析的方法,分析了超高温非线性辐射耦合加热系统的热物性参数影响。分析了影响发射率测量结果的不确定度,估计了发射率测量结果的标准不确定度约为2%。关键词:热防护材料;光谱发射率;在线测量;粒子群算法;随机粗糙AbstractInthefieldsofaerospaceandmilitaryapplication,high-speedaircraftsareimportantpartsoflong-rangestrategicweaponsforglobalmilitarystrikes.Thermalperformanceofthermalprotectionsystemsconstraintsupperlimitflightspeedandsecurityintheaerodynamicmode.Thermalradiationprotectionmaterialsdon’taffectaerodynamicshapeandre-usage,andemissivityisamainevaluationindicator.Theissueistostudyemissivitymeasurementmethods,theoryandkeytechnologiesofthermalprotectionmaterials.Radiationcharacteristicsassessmentofhightemperaturethermalprotectionmaterialsisrelatedtothesecurityofourcountrysmilitarydefensesystem,hasanimportantmilitarystrategicsignificance.Intheproblemsofemissivitymeasurementathightemperature,auxiliarytemperaturemeasuringdevicesarenotallowedunderon-lineconditions,ithasanimportantpracticalsignificanceabouton-linehightemperatureemissivitymeasurement,andisadifficultypointofthisissue.Intheproblemofrandomirregularroughnesssurface,theproblemthatemissivitywasaffectedbyrandomnessandirregularityofsurfaceroughnesscharacteristicsisdifficulttosolve,thisisanotherimportantissue.Intheissueofemissivitymeasurementofhightemperatureenvironmentsimulation,overcomingtheultra-hightemperaturethermalradiationofhigh-ordernonlinearcoupling,freeradiationheatingofnon-conductive,non-special,smallsamplesize,overcominghightemperaturestandardblackbody’sthermalstressgeneratedbythermalexpansion,high-temperaturebackgr
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