意大利整骨8.4.Wrist Hand中英文宣讲培训.pptVIP

The prone \ supination is a movement that will be allowed by the two joints radioulnari , upper and lower , it is seen , forming a functional unit . 旋前及旋后是尺桡关节（近端与远端）的主要运动，可以看出它们是一个整体 The axis of pronation \ supination will pass from the fan area of the humerus , the bicipital tuberosity of the radius , the interosseous membrane , to get to the big bone or bone happened at the level of the carpus . 旋前及旋后的轴起自于肱骨的扇状平面，肱二头肌附着点桡骨粗隆，骨间膜，到达腕骨的头状骨水平 A deficit of prone \ supination will tend to involve all joints and proximal and distal shoulder level may be compromised movements of abduction and adduction , with compensation . If you lose degrees of pronation shoulder moves in abduction losing degrees of adduction . 旋前及旋后的缺失会导致所有关节，尺桡近端及远端 及肩关节的内收外展的代偿动作 旋前及旋后缺失的角度等同与内收外展代偿的角度 Biomechanics生物力学 Biomechanics生物力学 If prone \ supination is deficient you will have to perform the movements of abduction of the shoulder to make effective the clamp and to finalize the function of the upper limb . 如果旋前及旋后缺失，我们通常会用肩关节的外展来代偿，完成上肢的夹抓动作 All the structures we analyze are functional complexes . If the ulna is in dysfunction of internal or external rotation will also involve the humerus . 我们分析的所有这些结构其实都是有功能性的联系的 如果尺骨出现内旋及外旋的功能失常，那么同样会使得肱骨发生代偿 And so it is for the carpal bones . It postulates fact that a functional disorder in any articulation of the arm produces compensatory alterations in all the other joints ( compensation or somatic dysfunction secondary or even an adaptation that is tessutalizza in time). 这个道理同样适用于腕关节的骨。某一个上肢的关节出现功能失常，会使得上肢其他关节都出现代偿活动（代偿或者引起继发的功能失常，甚至随着时间的延长，会发生结构性的改变） Some texts describe the biomechanics of the radio-ulnar joint is located in the upper region of the upper supination, then at the elbow is home to both the supination as well as the forced supination.一些文献说尺桡关节上端（近端）区域的主要生物力学机制为旋后，所以在肘关节水平是主要的旋后及外力被动旋后 Supination part by the action of the biceps muscle and will be reinforced by the short supinator muscle.肱二头肌主要负责旋后，而旋后肌功能为加强旋后动作 The radio-ulnar j