本科－呼吸系统宣讲培训.pptVIP

第 三 章 呼 吸 系 统;Reference lines of thorax;Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System;Organs of the Respiratory System;Composition;呼吸道;O2 (外界) CO2 ↓ ↑肺呼吸：肺泡 毛细血管 血液循环 ↓ ↑细胞呼吸：组织细胞 毛细血管 全身各细胞 ;The Nose;The Nose;第一节 肺外呼吸道;1、鼻前庭 2、固有鼻腔 (1)内侧壁：即鼻中隔，以骨性鼻中隔和鼻中隔软骨为基础。;(2) 外侧壁 上鼻甲 上鼻道 中鼻甲 中鼻道 下鼻甲 下鼻道; Mucous membrane of nose Olfactory region嗅区: located upper nasal cavity, above superior，nasal conchae，contains olfactory cells Respiratory region 呼吸区: its function is to warm, moisten, and clean the inspired air;(三)鼻旁窦;The Paranasal Sinuses;Frontal sinus;Pharynx 咽;The Larynx;Anatomy of the Larynx;前角 喉结;（2）环状软骨：位于甲状软骨下方，呈环形； 环状软骨弓，环状软骨板。 （3）会厌软骨 （4）杓状软骨：成对，位于环状软骨板上方。;⑴ 关节连结：环杓关节、环甲关节 ⑵ 韧带或膜连结： 甲状舌骨膜(甲舌膜) 弹性圆锥(环甲膜) 上缘——声韧带 杓会厌膜(方形膜) 上缘——杓会厌韧带 下缘——前庭韧带(又称室韧带);喉软骨的连结;喉软骨的连结;喉软骨的连结;喉软骨的连结; 3、喉肌 (1)控制声门裂大小的肌； (2)调节声带紧张度的肌； (3)开大和关闭喉口的肌。; Structure features Two pairs of shelf like folds : Vestibular folds 前庭襞 Vocal folds 声襞 Two fissures Rima vestibulithe 前庭裂 Fissure of glottis 声门裂 Inter membranous part 膜间部 anterior 3/5, between vocal-folds Inter cartilagrnous part 软骨间部posterior 2/5, between arytenoids cartilages; Three parts Laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭 Extends from the aperture of larynx to the rima vestibuli Tubercle of epiglottis 会厌结节 Intermedial cavity of larynx 喉中间腔 Extends from the level of the rima vestibuli to the level of the fissure of glottis Ventricle of larynx 喉室 a small recess between vestibular and vocal folds on each side Infraglottic cavity 声门下腔 extends from the level of the vocal folds to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage;Movements of the Vocal Folds;㈢喉腔 1、两对粘膜皱襞： 上方——前庭襞(室襞)，呈???红色 下方——声襞，呈白色 ;2、裂隙： 前庭裂 声门裂：两侧声襞及杓状软骨之间的裂隙。;3、喉腔的分部： ⑴ 喉前庭 ⑵ 喉中间腔 ⑶ 声门下腔;The Trachea;The Trachea;三、气管;四、主支气管：由气管杈到肺门。左主支气管：较长、细、水平；右主支气管：较短、粗、陡直。;Bronchi in the Conducting Zone;The Lungs ;Medial surface－concave, related to mediastinum and vertebrae Hilum of