《病理学与病理生理学总论》1 总论绪论.pptxVIP

傅国辉 ; 病理学与病理生理学;What is pathology;What is pathophysiology ; ;Every Disease Has A Pathologic Basis;bridging;Pathology is a bridging between basic science and clinical medicine (2) Pathology is also a practical clinic medicine ( Diagnostic Pathology or Surgical Pathology) (3) Pathophysiology as a bridge not between the basic science and diseases but various basic sciences. (4) Pathophysiology enabling the students, clinicians and other practitioners to understand why and how diseases develop and various clinical manifestations appear, and what are the fundamental mechanisms. ;(1) Human pathology The principal aim of human pathology considers structural abnormalities of cells and tissues grossly and microscopically examined from patient’s tissues (2) Experimental pathology Experimental pathology researches cellular processes incorporate animal experiment and tissue and cell cultures ;1. Human pathology;The functions of autopsy;Biopsy is the removal of a sample of tissue from the body for examination and the tissue will be examined under a microscope to assist in diagnosis ;(3) Cytology;2. Experimental pathology;(2) Tissue and cell culture;(1) Gross appearance The morphological feature of a lesion (such as size, shape, weight, color, consistency, surface edge, section) is observed by eyes or assisted by using a ruler, steelyard, magnifying glass, or other tools.;(2) Histologic and cytologic observation;cytologic observation;（3）Histochemistry and cytochemistry;PAS (glycogen) →BM; 病理科的常规工作流程 取材 固定 脱水 包埋 切片 染色 诊断 ;大体观察：大小、形态、重量、色泽、质地、表面及 切面状况 组织学与细胞学观察：取病变组织制成切片或细胞学涂 片，经不同染色后用光镜观察 组织化学与免疫组织化学观察：前者是利用某种显色剂 能与不同化学成分特 异性结合的特性，显示细 胞结构中蛋白质、酶类、核酸、糖类、脂类等细 胞化学成分后者是利用已知抗原与抗体特异性的 结合，来检测组织细胞中未知的抗体或抗原 ;Immunohistochemistry;Electron microscope;;● One kind of cells→quantitative analysis ● DNA ploidy analysis ● Protein and nucleus acid → quantitative analysis