关学总论中轴骨连结.pptxVIP

目的和要求 1．了解骨连结的分类。 2．掌握关节的基本结构和辅助结构。 3．了解关节的运动及分类。 4．掌握脊柱的组成、椎骨间的连结、脊柱的整体观及其运动。 5．了解肋与脊柱及胸骨的连结。掌握骨性胸廓的组成、胸廓上、下口的围成。 6．了解颅骨连结的主要形式，掌握颞下颌关节的组成及运动。 ; Section 1 The general description;一、Continuous joints直接连结 （一）Fibrous joints纤维连结 Bones are united by fibrous connective tissue. Syndesmosis 韧带连结 Suture 缝 ;（二）Cartilaginous joints软骨连结 Bones are united by cartilage.;（三）Synosteosis 骨性结合;二、Discontinuous joints间接连结 Articulation or Synovial joints;;(三）Movements of joints关节运动;(四) Classification of synovial joints 关节的分类(自学）;关节学的研究和应用;2.人造关节和假肢的研制和开发;;3.智能机器人的开发和研制; Section 2 The joint of the axial bones 中轴骨连结;一、Articulations of Bones of Trunk 躯干骨的连结; The 24 pieces of vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx articulate one by one to form a longitudinal axis of the trunk—the vertebral column. ;Joints of the vertebral bodies 椎体间的连结;Hemination of nucleus pulposus  髓核脱出;Anterior longitudinal ligament  前纵韧带; Joints of the vertebral arches 椎弓间的连结;;Atlantooccipital joint寰枕关节;Atlantoaxial joint寰枢关节;The whole view of the vertebral column;Normal Curves of vertebral column; Up ;Movement of the vertebral column ;Spina bifida cystica 脊柱裂;(二) Thoracic cage 胸廓;;;It is roughly cone-shape, narrow above and broad below, flattened from before-backwards.It has two oppenings and four walls. Inlet of thorax 胸廓上口 Outlet of thorax 胸廓下口 Infrasternal angle胸骨下角 Intercostal spaces肋间隙;;二、Joints of skull 颅骨的连结 ;Temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节;Summary;Thank you!!