铜合金压铸模具钢组织性能研究.doc

摘 要 随着现代制造技术的迅速发展，越来越多的零件采用热挤压、精锻、压铸等工艺成形，因此热作模具的重要性日益显著起来。压铸铜合金生产模具上的一些重要零件，在工作时直接接触900℃左右的高温液体铜合金，工作条件非常恶劣，使用寿命低，热作模具材料的选择成为影响压铸铜合金业发展的主要因素之一。针对目前铜合金压铸模具寿命低，易产生裂纹的问题，本文在铜合金压铸模具钢组织性能方面进行了探讨性研究。 在H13钢的基础上，通过对合金化学成分设计、热处理等，研制出一种铜合金压铸模具钢。合金化学成分(wt%):C: 0.36～0.42 Si: 0.25～0.50 Cr: 2.20～2.70 Mo: 2.00～2.50 Mn: 0.90～1.30 B: 0.002～0.006 Nb: 0.04～0.10 V: 0.90～1.0，该钢在在1150℃淬火，650℃回火（保温1.5h）具有微细的显微组织和较高的强韧性配合。其回火组织为细小的屈氏体，上面均匀分布着细小尺寸的碳化物，使该模具钢保持高的强度，同时还具有较好的塑性，符合铜合金压铸模具的要求。 本文重点研究了在淬火温度相同时，不同回火温度对钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果显示，新钢种的回火稳定性较好，在650℃回火硬度仍保持48HRC左右，抗拉强度为1314.5MPa，伸长率16.2%。明显高于H13钢在相同条件下的力学性能。 本课题为进一步研究铜合金压铸模具钢提供可行的理论方法。通过调整合金元素含量，优化热处理工艺等来提高模具钢强度、塑性及抗热疲劳性能等，进一步提高铜合金压铸模具的使用性能。 关键词：热作模具钢；显微组织；力学性能 Abstract With the high-speed development of mechanical industry, more and more parts are processed by hot extrusion、die casting and finish forging, so the hot working dies play an increasingly important role in today. Some important parts used in copper alloy die-casting mold production, when working, contact directly with liquid copper alloys about 900℃ with low life expectancy, the choices of hot pieces of material is one of the main factors impacting on copper alloy die-casting industry develop. Considering the problem of low life and easy to crack of copper alloy die-casting mold now, copper alloy die-casting mold steel properties was studied in this paper. A new copper alloy die-casting mold steel was developed through optimization of alloy composition, spheroidisation on the basis of H13. The alloy composition was as follows(wt%): C: 0.36～0.42, Si: 0.25～0.50, Cr: 2.20～2.70, Mo: 2.00～2.50, Mn: 0.90～1.30, B: 0.002～0.006, Nb: 0.04～0.10, V: 0.90～1.0，Fe: remains. The steel in the 1150℃ quenching, tempering 650℃(insulation 1.5h) has fine microstructure and higher strength and toughness. The quenching structures of steel consist of troostite and a small amount of carbide. The study was mainly focused on the effect of mechanical property on the same conditions of temperature quenching a