毕业设计（论文）-基于ATC单片机的步进电机控制系统.doc

学 号： 毕业设计说明书 GRADUATE DESIGN 设计题目：基于AT89C51单片机的步进电机控制系统 学生姓名： 专业班级： 学 院： 指导教师： 2017年6月12日 摘 要 步进电动机由于用其组成的开环系统既简单、廉价，又非常可行，因此在打印机等办公自动化设备以及各种控制装置等众多领域有着极其广泛的应用。 随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电机的需求量与日俱增，它广泛用于打印机、电动玩具等消费类产品以及数控机床、工业机器人、医疗器械等机电产品中，其在各个国民经济领域都有应用。研究步进电机的控制系统，对提高控制精度和响应速度、节约能源等都具有重要意义。 步进电机是一种能将电脉冲信号转换成角位移或线位移的机电元件，步进电机控制系统主要由步进控制器,功率放大器及步进电机等组成。采用单片机控制,用软件代替上述步进控制器,使得线路简单,成本低,可靠性大大增加。软件编程可灵活产生不同类型步进电机励磁序列来控制各种步进电机的运行方式。 本设计是采用STC89C51单片机对步进电机的控制，通过I/O口输出的时序方波作为步进电机的控制信号，信号经过芯片ULN2003驱动步进电机。 根据不同的需要我们可以有十个不同档位速度的选择，并可以实现正反转。为了更显人性化，我们加上了一个数码管显示，显示步进电机的运行状态。 关键词：步进电机；单片机；正反转控制；电机驱动 Abstract With the rapid development of science and technology and increasingly fierce economic competition, mechanical product updates faster, NC machining technology as the representative of the advanced productive forces, play an important role in the field of machinery and related industries, machinery manufacturing competition, its essence is the competition of numerical control technology. Product updates faster and faster, more and more parts of complex shape, much more high precision, multi variety and small batch production proportion increased significantly, the fierce market competition makes the product development and production cycle more and more short, the traditional processing equipment and manufacturing method has been difficult to adapt to high speed and high quality processing the diversity, flexibility and the requirements of complex shape parts. Therefore, the use of CNC machining has become the first choice, because of its high processing efficiency, good quality and high machining accuracy. This design is the NC machining process and programming design of compound shaft parts. The subject comes from the production practice, and selects the typical shaft parts and the design and processing technology commonly used on the shaft. It focuses on the process analysis, the processing route determination, the process programming and the corresponding NC progra