直译和交际翻译交融运用.docVIP

直译和交际翻译交融运用 　　摘要：直译和交际翻译方法之间的自然紧张关系已经持续了两千年。我们必须忠实于源语言（SL）的原始意义，我们的翻译必须力求准确同时不乏灵活地与目标语言（TL）的读者进行自然交流。不同语种及文化间无阻碍的交流绝非易事，但是随着全球经济的不断增长，我们变得越来越相互依存，因此，努力融入我们的思想和心灵，变得尤为重要。本文就翻译和教学实践中长期讨论的话题直译和交际翻译，试图作出调和，使之交融。 　　关键词: 翻译 字面的 语意的 交际的 交融 　　 　　Introduction 　　Perhaps the best place to begin is to make sure we both understand the terms of translation. Then after we are on the same page, the more difficult issues can be dealt with. Which translation is best? As we will see, both semantic and communicative translation methods are the best methods to fulfill the two aims of translation. These are: accuracy and economy. 　　However, must we fight too strongly over this? Must there always be something right and the other wrong? Rather than thinking in terms of black and white, perhaps the best way is to blend the two together so that the translation is both accurate to the original meaning and yet flexible enough to communicate properly the message. 　　That is not an easy task to accomplish, yet we must try however naiuml;ve it may seem to be. To do otherwise or give up is unthinkable and contrary to the responsibilities of translators. Interspersed throughout examples will be given to highlight and explain the points given. 　　 　　I. Terms of methods of translation 　　According to Peter Newmark’s book, “A Textbook of Translation,” chapter 5 shows a comparison of translation methods as follows: 　　SL emphasis TL emphasis 　　Word-for-word translation Adaptation 　　Literal translation Free translation 　　Faithful translation Idiomatic translation 　　Semantic translation Communicative translation 　　The further down the line one goes on either end of the spectrum, the closer one gets to a more accurate and communicative translation. In a U shaped curve, Word-for-word is the most literalist translation method and adaptation was the most free. Often the terms literal and semantic translations are used interchangeably, but are actually different. On the one hand, the literal meth