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Ethical, legal and social issues arising from cell-free fetal DNA technologies Appendix III to the report: Cell-free fetal nucleic acids for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis Alison Hall PHG Foundation Adam Bostanci Stephen John Hughes Hall Centre for Biomedical Science in Society January 2009 Appendix III to the report: Cell-free fetal nucleic acids for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis © 2009 PHG Foundation The PHG Foundation is the working name of the Foundation for Genomics and Population Health, an independent charitable organisation (registered in England and Wales, charity No. 1118664 company No. 5823194), which works with partners to achieve better health through the responsible and evidence-based application of biomedical science. Disclaimer: The field of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis is extremely dynamic and technology is developing very rapidly; this report is accurate as of 7th January 2009. 2 Ethical, legal and social issues arising from cell-free fetal DNA technologies Executive summary 2 1.0 Introduction 4 2.0 Does cffDNA technology raise new issues?