语言的魔方——先秦诸子造物评价的话语研究-rubiks cube of language - discourse research on evaluation of creations in pre - qin dynasty.docxVIP

中文摘要公元前七七〇年，周平王东迁洛阳。东周王朝的建立奏响了春秋战国学术的华彩乐章。 在这三百多年间，中国大地发生了天翻地覆的变化，各地诸侯相继纷争九州，列国战事频繁， 然而却成就了中华民族本源思想的黄金时期。中国学术的全盛时代，可谓兴于战国之时，而 发端于春秋之末。“道术将为天下裂”，不是一个悲哀的结局，而是一个辉煌的开端。这不仅因为文化发 展史上出现了“百家争鸣”的思想争锋，更是因为此时期的造物成就达到了新的高度。从“利 器用”到成为联系“物品世界”与包含人类精神现象在内的“生活世界”之间的纽带，让我 们突破了造物的物质性层面，开始从全新视角——通过器物与人们生存世界之间的联系—— 加以考察和认识。先秦诸子以针砭时弊为己任，而造物与社会经济、民生的密切交往势必会 引起关心社会现实的有志之士的重视。于是，诸子展开了对造物诸多问题的深入反思，更多 地关注造物对现实社会及人类生活的影响和作用，进而提出了造物应遵循的道理、法则和标 准。在诸子的思想中，诸子以语言及文字的方式为我们描摹出他们的“思想世界”，在诸子 塑造的理想国中批判和指导着现实的“成器之道”，最终归于如何更好地治国平天下。于是， 诸子的“成器之道”与“治世之道”相伴而行，一同拯救“道术将为天下裂”的困窘境地。论文从诸子的造物评价入手，通过对造物评价的梳理描绘出彼时的造物现实场景，最终 为春秋战国时期的造物活动展开推想提供必要的思想索引。诸子思想之中的造物评价，一如 他们的治世之道一样，在根本上都有着彼此关联与相同的地方，因此各家都在其塑造的理想 社会中给器物留下了空间留待我们后人去思考。通过诸子造物评价中的高频词汇的整理统 计，结合西方学者约翰·奥斯丁的“言语力”效应来探究造物评价的“言下之意”和“言外 之音”，最终发展出诸子背后的思想轨迹和权力突显。关键词: 先秦诸子百家造物评价话语研究IAbstractIn 7th century BC, the establishment of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty started the prosperity of academic atmosphere.During that time,great changes had taken place in China and created the achievements of the golden age of Chinese thought.It can be said that Chinese academics heyday began at the Spring and Autumn.Taoism will split the world.didnt mean a sad ending,but a brilliant beginning.Through the appearance of contention of a hundred schools of thought,we can actually see that the achievements of creation activities have reached new heights.And creation activities played the role of contacting the objects worldand living world which has the phenomenon of the human spirit.According to this situation, we must use a comprehensive, dialectical eyes to review the links between objects and the world.Therefore,philosophers started for many problems of creation activities in depth reflection and paid more attention to the impact on social reality and creation activities of human life.Philosophers put forward the truths,rules and standards that creation activities should follow.In the thought of philosophers,they portrayed their world of thought with the way of language and word.Within their wo