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- 2018-06-04 发布于福建
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千年古奥运兴衰启迪
千年古奥运兴衰启迪
摘要:纵观奥运演变历史可见,竞技与教育结合促使古今奥运产生与发展,竞教分离既是千年古奥运衰败的内因,又是现代百年竞技受到各种挑战的诱因。由此验证,“竞教结合,夺标育人,奥运则兴;竞教分离,重物轻人,奥运则衰”。揭示竞技“夺标育人”的本质规律,重新研究“竞教结合”,转变国家竞技发展方式,才能促进中外竞技的可持续发展。
关键词:体育史;奥林匹克运动;竞技教育;竞技文化
中图分类号:G80-05文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-7116(2011)03-0068-04
Enlightenment from the rise and decline of the millennium ancient
Olympic Games
LIU Jia,SONG Ji-xin
(Jilin Institute of Physical Education,Changchun 130022,China)
Abstract: From the perspective of the history of evolution of the Olympic Games, the combination of competition with education is the gene of the generation and development of the ancient and modern Olympic Games; the separation of competition from education is the intrinsic reason for the decline of the millennium ancient Olympic Games, also the incentive for various challenges faced by century modern competition. It is therefore verified that “the Olympic Games rises when competition is combined with education and victory and people are equally important; the Olympic Games declines when competition is separated from education and victory is more important than people”. The authors profoundly revealed the essential pattern of “victory and people are equally important” in competition, and that the sustainable development of competition at home and abroad can be boosted only by re-studying “the combination of competition with education”, and by changing the way of development of national competition.
Key words: history of sport;Olympic movement;competitive education
从古希腊奥运燃起的竞技圣火,不断给人类体育带来“教育”和“秩序”之光。然而,当今中外赛场黑哨、假球和兴奋剂滥用等现象为何屡禁不止?中国竞技成绩步入巅峰后却为何对其价值认同出现分化?究其原因是缺少富有普世性、具有教育意义的“竞技文化”,过分强化了竞技“夺标”的工具理性,忽视其“育人”的价值理性,对人类竞技文化既缺历史的眼光,又缺未来的理想??因此,研究奥运演变史,对于建设人类先进的竞技文化,促进国家竞技可持续发展具有重要意义。
1千年古奥运的兴衰
古奥运的兴衰与其发源地古希腊的文化及教育发展密切相关。
1.1教育的需要是古奥运产生的重要因素
据考证,受古希腊早期城邦奴隶制的影响,体育运动在古希腊人的社会生活中占有重要地位,并且是其教育的主要的内容和形式。古希腊有数百个各自独立的城邦,各城邦之间经常兵戎相见,因而造成该地区早期盛行公民兵制度。对古希腊人而言,在危机时刻从军卫邦是天经地义之事。在这种社会环境下,每个公民都必须有强壮的体格,以适应战争的需要。因此,各城邦也采取多种运动教育方式
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