超疏水静电纺丝纳米纤维.docVIP

超疏水静电纺丝纳米纤维 摘要：这篇文章介绍了最先进的静电纺丝纳米纤维的科技发展，以及它在自清洁簿膜、智能响应材料和其他相关领域的应用。超疏水自清洁，也成为“荷叶效应”，就是利用表面化学结构和拓扑学的正确结合，在表面形成了一个非常大的接触角并且通过重力使水带着表面上的污垢、颗粒以及其他污染物离开表面。本文简单介绍了超疏水自清洁的理论和静电纺丝过程中的基本原则，为了生成超疏水自清洁表面还讨论了静电纺丝过程的各种参数，这些参数可以有效的控制疏水实体的多渗透性结构的粗糙度，静电纺丝在纳米尺寸上的主要原则以及在通过静电纺丝合成一维材料时存在的困难也被完全的隐藏。另外，本文还比较了不同的静电纺丝纳米纤维的超疏水性能以及它们的科技应用。 关键字：超疏水 静电纺丝 纳米纤维 性能 应用 展望 Superhydrophobic electrospun nanofibers Abstract: This review describes state-of-the-art scientific and technological developments of electrospun nanofibers and their use in self-cleaning membranes, responsive smart materials, and other related applications. Superhydrophobic self-cleaning, also called the lotus effect, utilizes the right combinations of surface chemistry and topology to form a very high contact angle on a surface and drive water droplets away from it, carrying with them dirt, particles, and other contaminants by way of gravity. A brief introduction to the theory of superhydrophobic self-cleaning and the basic principles of the electrospinning process is presented. Also discussed is electrospinning for the purpose of creating superhydrophobic self-cleaning surfaces under a wide variety of parameters that allow effective control of roughness of the porous structure with hydrophobic entities. The main principle of electrospinning at the nanoscale and existing difficulties in synthesis of one-dimensional materials by electrospinning are also covered thoroughly. The results of different electrospun nanofibers are compared to each other in terms of their superhydrophobic properties and their scientific and technological applications. Key words: superhydrophobic; electrospinning; nanofibers; properties; applications; outlook 第1章 概述 1.1 超疏水的简介 1.1.1 超疏水的背景 最近，超疏水表面因其无粘着力和不润湿的特性而受到了很大的关注，它适用于多功能材料各种各样的应用，例如，自清洁、防腐蚀、防冻、低的流体动力学摩擦和用于纳米材料直接自组装的模板等。另外，它还可以用于微电子机械系统、纳米电子机械系统、微流体和纳米流体材料以及装置等。超疏水表面展现了非常大的接触角（gt;150°），以及在进退接触角之间低的接触角滞后现象，这种滞后典型的都小于5°，这种现象显示了其自身的本质[1]。例如，昆虫的翅膀都是超疏水的，这是由于他们的表面化