基于需求响应的最优家庭用电规划分析-analysis of optimal household electricity consumption planning based on demand response.docxVIP

摘要随着信息科技时代的到来，家庭用户对电能的可靠性和质量的需求在不断提升。与 此同时，全球资源环境的压力也在不断增大。相比目前的电价模式，实时电价模式无论 是对经济发展还是环境建设都具有潜在的优势。特别是根据一天内不同时间段实时变化 的电价，它可以为终端电能用户提供自己降低用电价格的可能性。然而，最近的研究显 示家庭用户对实时电价模式知识和对高效楼宇自动化系统知识的缺乏是人们不能充分 利用实时电价模式的两个主要障碍。智能电网（Smart Grid）是当今世界电力系统的发 展趋势，被认为是 21 世纪电力系统的重大科技创新成果。它将传统的电网和通信系统 相结合，为输电公司和终端用户提供实时的信息交流。对于家庭用户，输电公司通过智 能电网传输的需求响应（Demand Response）和实时电价（Real Time Price）信息由智能 电表（Smart Meter）接收，它是减少用电价格的关键。本文首先介绍了智能电网家庭域网络中电能管理系统（Energy Management System） 的结构，以及目前存在的各种电价机制。在本文中，将 RTP 与倾斜块率（Inclining Block Rate）相结合，然后提出一个最优的并且自动的家庭用户电能消耗规划方法，目的是减 小家庭内电费支出和用电峰均值比（Peak to Average Ratio），保护整个电网系统的稳定 性，并利用遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm），实现一个预期的在最小化电费支出和最小化 家用电器延迟时间之间的权衡。关键词：智能电网，家庭域网络，需求响应，实时电价，智能电表，倾斜块率，遗 传算法，优化ABSTRACTWith the arriving of information and technology era, residential users’ demand for the quality and reliability of electricity energy increases day by day. At the same time, the pressure of global natural resources and environment also increases rapidly. Real-time electricity pricing models can potentially lead to economic and environmental advantages compared to the current common flat rates. In particular, they can provide end users with the opportunity to reduce their electricity expenditures by responding to pricing that varies with different times of the day. However, recent studies have revealed that the lack of knowledge among users about how to respond to time-varying prices as well as the lack of effective building automation systems are two major barriers for fully utilizing the potential benefits of real-time pricing tariffs. The Smart Grid is the development trend of the world’s electricity system and is regarded as the important technology innovation of 21st century. It combines the traditional power system and communication system to provide the real time information exchange between utility and end users. For residential users, the Demand Response (DR) and Real Time Price (RTP) information which is received by Smart Meter (SM) is the key to reduce electric