Classical Conditioning - USD 322经典条件反射- 322美元.ppt

Psychology Definition - scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Different than psychiatry - psychiatry is the study, diagnosis, and treatment of medical disorders. Learning Definition - a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience. Examples - walking, using utensils, riding a bike, driving a car, getting what you want from your parents. Many ways to learn: Driving Getting what you want - crying baby Fear of the Dentist: How do people learn to fear the dentist? may associate the dentist with pain may get sympathy from parents may have watched how others reacted in fear These examples demonstrate the three basic forms of learning: Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Modeling Discovered accidentally: Ivan Pavlov - Russian physiologist - early 1900’s. Studying the digestive process of dogs. He wanted to see how their stomach prepared to digest the food. We already knew that eating food causes saliva to secrete in the mouth. This is the initial breakdown of food. He noticed that just the sight or smell of food caused the dogs to salivate. Pavlov’s Experiment Pavlov rang a tuning fork, and then placed meat powder on the dog’s tongue, which caused salivation. Why did he use a tuning fork? It is a neutral stimulus - does not initially cause a response. After awhile, the dogs began salivating after hearing the tuning fork without the meat powder. This is classical conditioning. Classical Conditioning Before Conditioning: Neutral Stimulus No Response Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response During Conditioning: Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response After Conditioning: Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response Classical Conditioning Names of different aspects: Neutral Stimulus (NS) - a stimulus that does not elicit a response. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - an event that elicits a certain predictable response without previous training. Unconditio