Unit 2 英汉对比和翻译 　.pptVIP

Unit 2 英汉对比与翻译 （一） 1) 词的分类 一词多类现象： 汉语：说明情况/关于本产品的使用说明； 他心里很明白；我明白了您讲的道理； 英语：plenty: n. 丰富 adj.足够的 full: adj. 满的 adv.十分 n. 全部 round adj. 圆的 adv.兜圈子 prep.围绕 v. 变圆 n. 圆形物 Example: down You need not take down whatever I said. (你们没必要记下我所说的一切） The stone rolled down the hill and hit the boy. (石头滚下山，砸着了孩子）介 The terrorists downed two planes in Russia. We’ll share ups and downs with you. 我们与你同甘共苦，风雨同舟。 He is not down yet. (adj.) 2)词意 A. 英汉两中语言中词义的宽窄往往不同： 一对一：Kongfu, Laser, linguistics 一对多：sister (姐妹）, marry （嫁娶） 没有完全对应：prey （被捕获的猎物） （在下一讲中更详细地讲） B. 以某语素为出发点，汉语组成一大堆词族: 清白pure 清淡light 清贫poor 清凉cool and refreshing 清冷chilly 清爽fresh and cool 清幽quiet and beautiful 清瘦thin 清查check 清官honest and upright officials C.词义的误解： Blackbird Black bird Blackboard Black board Hot dog Cats and dogs: It is raining cats and dogs. 骨肉分离 红茶 3)词的搭配 Take off The new dictionary has really taken off. (popular) Take off your wet shirt The doctor took off his wounded left leg. They had to take off (取消) the show because of poor audience. You can take only one day off. The officer leading the inquiry has been taken off. Collocation (continued) 看 看电视 watch TV 看黑板 look at the blackboard 看电影 see a film 看地图 study a map 看小说 read a novel 看朋友 visit a friend 4)词的位置 A. 单词作定语 A charming girl, a tall building Nothing important The manager’s little office A little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar. 一个乞丐，身材短小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸胡须。 某些以－ible 或－able结尾的形容词用作定语时，与every，the only，或形容词最高级连用来修饰名词时，也常放在名词后 We must help them in every way possible (every possible way). 我们一定要用一切可能的办法来帮助他们。 This is the only reference book available here. 这是这儿能找到的唯一参考书。 They are working to increase production at the highest speed possible. 他们努力尽可能快的速度提高产量。 This is the best solution imaginable. 这是能想得出的最好解决办法。 Other particular attributes: the present students 现在的学生 the students present 出席的学生；在场的学生 I admire my father because he is a responsible man. 一个负责任的人 Mr. Lin is the man responsible for exami