抗生素PPT课件（英文精品）Protecting the Ecosystem from Improperly Disposed .pptVIP

Protecting the Ecosystem from Improperly Disposed Pharmaceuticals John M. Polimeni Assistant Professor of Economics Albany College of Pharmacy What do all these products have in common? Outline Purpose Overview of PPCPs and veterinary medicines in the water supply Possible solutions Discussion and questions Purpose Fate of PPCPs and veterinary medicines in the environment Prevalence of PPCPs and veterinary medicines in the environment Human and environmental health implications To identify possible solutions The Problem Pharmaceutical Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and Veterinary Medicines are in our groundwater supply History 1977 - first identification of drugs in the water system in a Missouri Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) ~1990’s - researchers in the US and Europe started to investigate problem ~1998 - media’s discovery of topic Modes of Entry Prevalence in the Environment As shown on the previous diagram effluents eventually make it into the groundwater Global problem High percentages of pharmaceuticals can be excreted without being metabolized Triclosan One of the most frequently found compounds in USGS stream reconnaissance An antimicrobial preservative found in: Hand soap Dish-washing products Laundry detergents and softeners Plastics (e.g., toys, cutting boards) Toothpaste Deodorants and antiperspirants Cosmetics Hair conditioners Pesticides Impacts of Triclosan Affects algae colonies Bioaccumulates in fish at levels thousands times greater than levels found in water Swiss study found it in breast milk Degrades to harmful compounds like methyl triclosan, dioxins, chloroform, and other chlorinated compounds. City of Palo Alto, CA has a ban Triclosan free soaps in all city soap dispensers Pushes in San Jose and Denver for same ban What’s the Big Deal? Only traces were found in these samples, so why is this a concern? Properties of PPCPs and veterinary medicines Antibiotic Resistance Hormones and hormone-regulators Genotoxins Antibiotics A unique case Re