抗生素英文课件精品Defending the body from .pptVIP

* Fighting disease WHITE BLOOD CELLS: White blood cells do 3 things: They eat the _________ They produce A_________ to fight the pathogen The produce __________ to neutralise the poisons produced by pathogens * Producing antibodies Step 1: The white blood cell “sees” the _________ Step 2: The cell produces ________ to “fit” the pathogen Step 3: The antibodies fit onto the _______ and cause them to “clump” Step 4: The pathogens are “eaten” by the ____ ____ __ You’re going down Vaccines A small amount of the ______ is given to the person The person makes specific ________ The antibodies kill the ______ The _______ which makes the _______ stays in the blood forever * Using Antibiotics Antibiotics can be used to kill bacteria but.... 1) Bacteria can become _______ to them so they do not work anymore (e.g. ______- a superbug) 2) Antibiotics do not kill ______ * Antibiotic resistance Bacteria can change (mutate) to become resistant to antibiotics V______ – some strains of bacteria are resistant and some aren’t. C______ – The non-resistant bacteria are killed by the antibiotic. Survival of the fittest – the resistant bacteria survive. Passing on of _____ – the resistant bacteria reproduce and pass on their resistance genes to their offspring. Bacteria Antibiotic Experiments about the spread of infection Year Amount of hand wash solution used (litres per 1000 patient days) MRSA infections per 100 patients 1993 3.5 0.50 1995 6.9 0.48 1997 10.9 0.25 * What do these results show about how the use of hand wash is related to the spread of infection? Who carried out initial experiments on this? * Defending the body from disease * Pathogens Pathogens are things that cause disease. There are two main types Viruses Bacteria What do you know about bacteria? What do you know about viruses? Microbes: our defence against them Our bodies have four major defence mechanisms against invading microbes: * Fighting disease If a pathogen enters our body, white blood cel