抗生素英文课件精品Increasedresistance due to nonhuman antibiotic .pptVIP

Increased resistance due to”non-human” antibiotic use(veterinary and zootechnical use) Christina Greko Dept of Antibiotics National Veterinary Institute (SVA) Uppsala, Sweden Why use antibiotics for animals? Therapy Prophylaxis Growth promotion Feed additives for performance enhancement, 70/524/EEC spiramycin (-99) tylosin (-99) virginiamycin (-99) avoparcin (-97) ardacin (-97) bacitracin (-99) avilamycin carbadox (-99) olaquindox (-99) flavofosfolipol monensin salinomycin Some indications for veterinary use Antibiotics approved for use in bovines and/or porcines (Sweden 2001) Individual medication penicillin-G penicillin-DHS amoxicillin ceftiofur macrolides (16-M) pleuromutilins trim/sulph. tetracyclines fluoroquinolones aminoglycosides Group medication macrolides (16-M) pleuromutilins tetracyclines fluoroquinolones Sales of antibiotics for animals, EU 1997 asg antibiotic/tonnes of livewheight slaughtered Resistance to APE in E.faecium from broilers in Denmark Penicillin resistance among S.aureus from clinical mastitis in cows and sales of penicillin Transfer ofzoonotic bacteria Antibiotic resistance,S. Typhimurium from animals Quinolone resistance in Campylobacter (NL) Resistance to nalidixic acid among C. jejuni, Denmark Quinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni (DK, 1999) Fluoroquinolones - human vs veterinary use in Sweden Transfer ofresistance genes Food as source - tetracycline resistance in coliforms of helthy volunteers on control or sterile diet Transfer of genes - spread of streptothricin-resistance (Tn1825), GDR Transfer of genes- base pair variants of Tn1546 from VRE Effect of interventions - withdrawal of growth promoting antibiotics Sales of antibacterials for animal use (Sweden) Resistance among E. faecium – SVARM 2000 vs DANMAP 97 Resistance to vancomycin in E.faecium from chicken and chicken meat, Denmark Avoparcin and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) of vanA type VRE easily found in animals (and food) in most countries - b