抗生素英文课件精品SYSTEMSPHARMACOLOGY Chemotherapy of .pptVIP

Pathogenic (Infectious) Organisms Are those organisms that cause diseases in human beings/ animals Types of pathogenic organisms: 1. Microbes Bacteria, fungi and viruses 2. Parasites Protozoa and helminthes (worms) Chemotherapeutic agents Are naturally occurring or chemically synthesized substances intended to be toxic for the pathogenic organisms but innocuous to the host Aim- To treat acute, severe, persistent or progressive infectious disease Factors contributing to microbial threats to health Microbial adaptation and change Human susceptibility to infection Climate and weather Changing ecosystem Human demographics and behaviour Economic development and land use International travel and commerce Factors contributing to microbial threats to health (Contd.) Technology and Industry Breakdown of Public Health Measures Poverty and Social Inequality War and famine Lack of Political will Intent to harm (e.g. weapons of mass destruction) Classic Definition: Antibiotic (from Greek, anti – against, bios – life) A natural substance, or derivative of a natural substance, which when taken in small doses will either kill or prevent the growth of a microorganism, but will not seriously harm the person taking it Antibiotic-producing microorganisms Penicillium and Cephalosporium Beta-lactam antibiotics: penicillin and cephalosporin Actinomycetes, Streptomyces species Tetracyclines Aminoglycosides Macrolides Chloramphenicol Bacillus species Polypeptide antibiotics: polymyxin and bacitracin Definition (Modified):Antibiotics/Antibacterials/Antimicrobials Any chemical compound used to kill or inhibit the growth of infectious organisms, particularly bacteria and fungi All antibiotics share the property of selective toxicity: they are more toxic to an invading microorganism than to the animal/human host Choice of suitable drug Two considerations: 1. Patient - history of allergy - renal/hepatic function - susceptibilty